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盛世当官(第1页)

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盛世当官

难杨坚驾驭臣下充满矛盾性,于是在开皇和仁寿年间,当官成了一件相当危险的事情。

对于清廉自守、政绩出色的官员,杨坚不吝重奖。开皇十一年(591),临颍县令刘旷考绩为天下第一,马上被擢升为莒州刺史。五年后,汴州刺史令狐熙考绩第一,杨坚赏给他帛三百匹,布告天下,把他树立为学习典型。按照惯例,京城内外长官都有公廨钱,用来放债牟利。开皇十四年(594),杨坚下诏公卿以下各官按品级分给职田,增加百官的收入,同时停止放债扰民。

重奖的另一面是重罚,剥夺官员的地位、财富乃至生命。相比重赏,杨坚使用惩罚的次数更多。杨坚年纪越大,对待臣下越严,一旦发现罪状,必责不贷。他还经常派人侦察朝野百官,监督臣下都按照自己的要求做事。《隋书》说:“上性猜忌……明察临下,恒令左右觇视内外,有过失则加以重罪。”

开皇初年,杨坚让高颎等人修订了《开皇律》,废除了乱世特有的许多严刑峻法。但是杨坚在他的统治过程中又不断地增加了许多新的严刑峻法,有的简直就是酷刑。比如规定:凡是偷盗边关军粮一升以上者,斩,家人没入官府为奴;凡盗窃一文钱以上者,斩;四人共盗一桶、三人共偷一瓜,全部问斩。过去有些严刑峻法是放在那里威慑百姓的,杨坚则将这些酷刑不折不扣地执行了。

一次早朝,有一名武官未将宝剑佩带整齐,而御史没有及时提醒纠正。杨坚知道后将御史斩首了。

一日,蕃客馆(外宾招待所)的几个下人在庭院的地毯上玩耍,而不去清理一旁的马屎。杨坚知道后,将在场的所有人和蕃客馆的主管官员全部斩首。

杨坚为了考验官员的“抗腐拒贪”的决心和能力,往往安排人私底下拿着钱帛“贿赂”官员。如果有人拿了,立斩……

发展到最后,当杨坚向人询问某些事情,如果旁人不能解释清楚,也会被拉出去斩首。隋朝的朝堂之上,天天响起打人、杀人的哀号之声。尚书左仆射高颎(还在任的时候)、治书侍御史柳彧等人多次劝谏杨坚,说:“朝堂不是杀人的场所,殿廷也不是判决处罚的地方。”但杨坚就是不听。因为杨坚的残暴,吏部尚书韦世康不等年老体衰,便告病还乡,他觉得在杨坚手下当官实在太恐怖了。

杨坚的表现,显示出他是一个极端矛盾的人。

在隋朝建立初期,杨坚提倡节俭。苏威曾见到宫中以银为幔钩,认为太奢侈,提醒杨坚节俭治国。杨坚于是下令撤掉所有雕饰豪华之物。因为皇帝本人提倡节俭,隋朝前期整个社会以俭为荣。当时的士人平常都穿布帛,饰物都只用铜、铁、骨、角而摒弃了金和玉。但是杨坚晚年喜欢大兴土木,开始追求奢侈享受,完全违背了之前的节俭形象。

杨坚早年也关心百姓疾苦。开皇初期,关中发生大饥荒,杨坚知道百姓用豆粉拌糠当饭吃后,亲自拿着这样的食品在朝堂上遍示群臣,痛哭流涕。之后他下令降低自己的膳食标准,不喝酒,不吃肉。早期出巡的时候,杨坚遇到扶老携幼的人群会主动让路,还对百姓好言抚慰;遇到难走的道路,杨坚甚至会令左右侍从去扶助负重难行的人。但到了晚年,杨坚爱民之心大减,一再增加百姓赋税,用严刑峻法惩治那些反抗的人,普通百姓往往因为一丝一毫的过错而锒铛入狱。

杨坚早年还澄清吏治,希望搞好君臣关系。杨坚统治初期,一度礼遇、厚待大臣们,人尽其才。比如他对高颎的重用,对贺若弼的宽容。但是越到晚年,杨坚就越沉迷于个人世界,对臣下越苛刻,大有“顺我者昌,逆我者亡”的率性举动,结果造成了贤臣去、佞臣留、奸臣做大的局面。许多后人评价杨坚是成在用人,败也用人。

章节目录

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