Section 4 Stages of Academic Writing（第1页）

Se4:StagesofAcademig

&hreestagesinproduacademicessayorreport:planning，researdwritingup。Ihesestagesthereareanumberofsmallersteps。

Activity4-1:Explainingtheproig

Thefollolainstheprocessanessay。Readitcarefullyaheflowchartthatfollows。

&epofessaywritingistodeatopidprepareascheduleofworkfortheavailabletime。Theopicshouldbebrainstormedandadraftoutli，possiblesourceshavetobeevaluatedcritidthemostrelevaerwhistartmakingnotes，usingparaphrasingandsummarizingskills。Wheedeoaiodraftofthemainbodybewritteakioavoidplagiarism。

&lyyouwritethefirstdraftoftheintrodud，ensuringthatalogicalapproachtothetitleisdeveloped。Afterthisthewholedraftmustbecriticallyre-readandrevisedformaximumdaccuracy。Thepeageistoprepareafinallistofreferendissuchastablesandfigures。Fiextshouldbethhlyproofreadbefintheassigime。

WhatYoushouldKnow

Asanexampleofadvaiingbedefiypeusedinanaviroforanumberofspecialpurposesingdoingreseargreptermpapers，reviewingbooksandartidpletingthesesaions。Amoiesofacademig，researchpaperaarethemostonones。

&ingusuallyfolloarticularstyle。Herearesomeguidelines:

Beformal。Avoidslange。g。dlaistoocasuale。g。prettyawful。Usefullformsratherthaions，e。g。doesha。sidertheuseofnominalizatiohaures。

&ive。Academigshouldbeobjective，sopersonalpronouns（e。g。I，me，my，we，us，our，you）shouldnormallybeavoided。

&ious。Donotusehrasesiingthataretlyopihinkcarefullybefwordslike“definitely”“undoubtedly”“should”“must”“absolutely”。Wordslike“possibly”“probably”“likely”“seems”“may”and“dtoodacademig。

&emanyvariatioofresearcharticles，thefollowingplanbeusedbyabeginresearcherforbothaquantitativeaswellasaqualitativeapproach。Theelementsofstruclude:（1）Title，（2）Abstratrodu，（4）Literaturereview，（5）Results，（6）Dis，（7），（8）References，（9）Appeheseelementsofstructurewillbedefinedaailinthefollowingunits。

&ingisaprocess。Itstartsfrthewritingtask，theodoingthereseardreadiageisplanningandwritingvariousdrafts，andthisisfollowedbypraing。Allthisshouldleadtothefi。

LanguageFocus

GrammaticalFeaturesofAcademig

（Hamp-Lyons&Heasley，2006）

Assig

1。Visitthewebsitehttp:。york。ac。ukasiswriting。htminwhichthereisanaudiofileabouttheacademicstyle。Listentoitandlearhefeaturesofacademig。

&hefollraphsinamoreacademicstyle。

Iwoulderasubjectiveartist。WhatImeanisthathisarthaditssourhispersonality;hisworke，Ialwaysfeel，oftheepowhichhelived。

Oherhand，IalwayssiderBaobjectiveartist。Youseethatheworkedonlywiththeformsahistimeprofferedhim。Idonotthianyinnerpulsiohs。

3。Lookatyourmostretwrittenwork，forexample，thetermpaperofacourseyoutooklastsemester。Uhewordsorphrasesyouthinkmightnotbeiyleandmakeimprovement。

&heresearcharticleyourteacherhasassigoyou。Studyitsoverallstrudidentifyitslinguisticfeatures。