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第236章 会昌中兴之击破回鹘5此战的复盘与思考(第1页)

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复盘此次作战,大唐获胜的主要原因有以下三点:一是充分放权,高度信任李德裕。中、晚唐时期的朋党之争闹得极凶,大唐实行的又是弱化相权的“群相制”。政见不一的宰相们,或从利益出发,或凭一己之见,在朝堂上争论得面红耳赤。特别是文宗时期,牛党来了李党退,李党得势牛党走,就只差拔拳相向。哪个叫道义,什么是斯文,一点都不要了。以至文宗发出了:“去河北贼易,去朝廷朋党难”的慨叹!武宗继任,他的性格与祖父宪宗颇为相似,是个有主见、敢决断的强势帝王。他解决朋党的方法很简单,但也极为有效。就是只用李德裕,只听他一人的!比如,在给不给嗢没斯粮食的问题上,另一位宰相陈夷行与李德裕意见不合,武宗毫不犹豫的选择相信李德裕。而李德裕确实是个能做事、能成事,有大韬略、真本事的人,一点没让武宗失望。整场作战,各路唐军在李德裕绝对权威的指挥下,表现的秩序井然、配合默契,分工明确、执行高效,完全不见了以往那种玩寇自重、互相扯皮、观望不前的行为,令人不禁眼前一亮,依稀重现了宪宗与裴度平定淮西时的完美唱和。二是用人得当,精选参战各将领。在战略战役层面,有宰相李德裕居中调度。在前方执行层面,对刘沔、张仲武、石雄三位将领的使用,是取得战争胜利的重要因素。河中节度使刘沔原为名将李光颜的牙将,骁勇善战精于骑射。因跟随李光颜征讨叛藩吴元济立下战功,被调到西北戍边,先后担任泾原、北庭、振武节度使,具有丰富的对外作战经验。战争爆发前,李德裕委派兵部郎中李拭到前线巡边,并推荐优秀将帅。李拭高度评价了刘沔,说他有威略,可任大事。朝廷随即将刘沔调整为河中节度使,并兼任前方总指挥。卢龙节度使张仲武,原在卢龙所属雄武军(天津蓟县)担任指挥使。长期与奚、契丹、浑等游牧部落交往,对胡人的行为习性非常了解,在当地胡人中具有较高威望。会昌元年(841年)九月,卢龙军一个月内两次发生兵变,先是原节度使史元忠被杀,牙将陈行泰暂时主政;很快陈行泰又被杀,牙将张绛上位,并向朝廷索求节钺。李德裕对武宗提议,不要急着答复,搁置起来等等再说。果然没过不久,张仲武派人赴京城,向朝廷报告张绛残虐,请允准他出兵征讨。经李德裕询问得知,陈行泰、张绛均为外地调任,在卢龙没有群众基础。而张仲武出自卢龙,讲忠义、习战事、喜读书,颇受将士拥戴。李德裕仍有些不放心,问他破敌之策,他说:“御兵在于得人心,倘若人心不服,兵再多也没用。”李德裕又问失利了怎么办,他答:“幽州的粮食全都存放于妫州(今河北涿鹿)以北的七个镇上,万一打不进幽州,就占据居庸关,切断他们的粮道,耀州自然可下。”李德裕见他应对裕如,遂奏告武宗:“陈行泰、张绛威胁朝廷,索要官职,所以不能给。张仲武主动申请为朝廷讨伐叛乱,授予他节度使理由充分。”有了名份的张仲武发兵攻克幽州走马上任,也正是他,率部歼灭那颉啜,削弱了回鹘的反叛力量,为后来唐军击破乌介打下良好基础。至于石雄,他原为武宁军(治所江苏徐州)捉生兵马使,因能力出众、善战无敌,遭到节度使王智兴的猜忌。文宗出于保护,将他调整为壁州刺史(今四川通江县)。后遭王智兴构陷,流放白州(今广西玉林),不久调任陈州刺史。之后一直没有提升,直至王智兴病逝,朝廷才将他调到西北防范党项。会昌二年四月,经李德裕推荐,石雄出任天德军副使、麟州刺史,这才有了以三千精骑击破十万回鹘的壮举!三是谈打结合,掌控道义制高点。所谓得道多助,失道寡助。国与国之间的交往,往往谁占据了道义谁就能掌握主动。回鹘被黠戛斯击破,其残部不远万里投奔大唐求援。武宗和李德裕基于道义,同时也是为了维持北疆稳定,主动向他们支援粮食,以解燃眉之急。同时,又制止了天德军使田牟的邀功挑衅行为,促使嗢没斯率部归顺。反观乌介可汗,得知黠戛斯派人护送太和公主返唐,竟杀害护送人员掳走公主,用公主要挟,向大唐索要钱粮、城池。还在天德与振武之间疯狂劫掠,引起在此生活、放牧的诸多部落强烈不满,最终被大唐击败。这次战争直接导致回鹘作为一个独立政权,彻底消逝于历史长河。辽阔的草原再次分裂成若干逐水草而居的零星部落,直至新一代草原霸主契丹崛起!而大唐经过这次短暂的高光时刻,也在六十年后解体,沦入五代十国的混乱之中。:()大唐气象

章节目录

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