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第222章 被阉党挟持的窝囊帝王2刘蕡的文人风骨(第1页)

章节目录保存书签

文宗即位之初,委任名相裴度、韦处厚,革除了大量前朝弊政,颇有一番励精图治的气象!看到皇帝如此贤明,历经穆、敬两代帝王、近六年摧折的朝臣纷纷交口称赞,以为未来可期!作为大唐第一个没做过太子,完全由宦官拥立上位的帝王,文宗当然清楚当前对朝政影响最大的,不是混乱的藩镇,也不是内斗的群臣,而是那些乱权干政的阉党!想要有所振兴,就必须培养出众多忠于皇权的能臣,方能弱化乃至消灭宦官手中权势。于是他在称帝的第二年,即太和二年(828年)三月,开始仿照宪宗当年做法,亲自以“直言极谏”为题,选拔各地推荐上来的贤良方正,以期发现可用之才。经过一番考核评审,裴休、李合、李甘、杜牧、马植、崔璵、王式、崔慎由等二十二人,凭借出色才华与豪门身份脱颖而出,敬宗将他们全部委以官职。在这些人里,裴休、马植、崔慎由后来官至宰相,王式成为晚唐一代名将,杜牧则是着名诗人,绝对称得上群星璀璨、人才辈出。但本文要写的并不是他们,而是一位也参与了此次考核,却未被选中的学者。此人名唤刘蕡,祖籍昌平,家境贫寒,于宝历二年(826年)高中进士,文章写得极好。平时关心时政、嫉恶如仇,对宦官专权早就心怀不满。看到文宗态度诚恳的公开选拔人才,激奋之余一挥而就,写下一篇六千余字、流传至今的千古名篇《对贤良方正直言极谏策》。在文中,刘蕡开宗明义的指出:“陛下目前所应忧患的,无外有四件大事:宫闱将变、社稷将危、天下将倾、海内将乱!”接着又写道:“陛下若要杜绝篡位、弑君的隐患,就要常居正位,多与贤良君子接触。远离那些遭受阉割的贱人,亲近敢于直言的诤臣。让宰相得以专谋国事,使百官能够各尽其职,怎能用五六个身旁阉宦去左右天下大政!”“祸乱必起于萧墙,奸谋定生于帷幄。如不早些解决这一弊端,臣恐东汉权阉曹节、侯览乱政的教训会在今天重演!”“身边没有可托大事的忠良,皇位废立操柄于阉人,以至敬宗无法寿终正寝,陛下也非正当接任。”“如今大权旁落,藩镇跋扈,倘若天下有谁不遵守人臣节操,以安君侧为名挑起战乱,以除阉宦为由挥戈起兵。那么从今往后,施政量刑将不再取决于天子,征伐讨逆反要听令于藩镇!”“陛下为何不阻断阴邪之路,屏蔽佞狎之臣,让阉宦不敢再生觊觎权力之心,复归洒扫门庭之事!”“既已无法防患于前,那就理由纠治于后;既已不能光明于始,那就索性收获于终。如此方可虔敬地尊奉先贤教诲,继承祖先大业。”“当年秦朝亡于强暴,而汉朝则失于微弱。过于强势,身边佞臣因畏死而弑上;过于软弱,朝中奸臣掌权柄而震主。臣见敬宗不理会秦灭惨剧,除灾祸于未萌。惟愿陛下能汲取汉失天下的教训,防微以杜渐,如此三皇五帝的伟业才能得以彰显!”“臣听说汉元帝即位之初,更改了七十余项陋规,复兴天下的心意貌似坚定,得到群臣赞许。然而时过不久,纲纪日渐紊乱,国运日渐衰颓,奸臣日渐强盛,百姓日渐危困!”“出现如此局面,只因元帝所用非人而渐失权柄。陛下如能把国事交付宰相,将兵权授予大将,您的旨令将无不通达,行为定令人信服!”“现在兵部不知兵,天天混日子;将领不管兵,整日熬年头。军中事务竟然完全交给了宦官,成为阉人手中利刃。”“他们头顶一戴上帽盔,就恨文臣如仇寇;脚底一踏进军营,就视黎民为草芥。”“他们论谋略不足以剪除凶逆,论奸诈却足以扬威耀武。论勇气不足以卫护社稷,论残暴却足以欺压乡闾。”“他们奴役藩镇臣子,干扰欺陵宰相,搅乱朝廷纲纪,破坏国家法度。”“他们借助武将之威挟制君父,矫诏天子之命驾驭群豪。只有藏奸伪忠伺机取利的心思,却无尽忠死节殉于国难的操守,这哪是先王把文臣武将视作国家经纬的本意!”这篇抨击宦官干政,直言朝政缺失的策论,得到监考官的一致叹服。然而由于言辞过于激烈,他们担心遭到宦官加害,没有录取刘蕡。公示一出,引来朝臣不满。谏官、御史纷纷进谏,但都被宰相压住。李合愤愤不平的说:“刘蕡落第,我辈却被选中,实在令人汗颜!”于是上疏指出:“刘蕡这篇策论,汉、魏以来无人可比!考官却因他指责近臣缺失,不敢录用引荐。如此一来,恐怕会让忠良寒心,法度沦丧。臣的文章比起刘蕡差得太远,请收回臣的官职授予刘蕡!”奏疏呈上,无人理睬!刘蕡也终其一生没能踏入朝廷为官,只在藩镇幕府了此余生!影响这么大的事,文宗不可能不知情,然而他却毫无表示。所谓的“直言极谏”,讲好听点是叶公好龙,说难听点就是有心没胆。小主,这个章节后面还有哦,,后面更精彩!说了不做,很多时候还不如啥也别说!后来在“甘露事变”中文宗的表现也是这样,事到临头畏首畏尾,不仅自己被宦官挟持,还让众多朝臣惨遭杀害,简直害人害己!通过这篇策论,我们也可从一个侧面看出,当时的宦官危害已然严重到了何种程度!宦官之害起于玄宗、盛于德宗,猖獗于宪宗晚年!宪宗之前的历任帝王都是成年之后即位,做太子时就拥有了专属的政治班底,较长时间的储君历练,让他们积累了一定的政治经验和群众基础。宦官们没有对抗的资本,只能在背后做些推波助澜的事,从职能上看更类似于皇帝的私人秘书。宪宗晚年迷信长生术,大量服食由术士炼制的金丹,导致脾气暴躁,动辄打骂身边宦官,结果被宦官下毒害死。其子穆宗即位就有了宦官操纵的影子,穆宗上任三年暴毙而亡,敬宗从做太子到当皇帝都由宦官一手操办,至于文宗更是如此!自此开始,皇位继承权彻底落入宦官之手,宦官也从幕后走到了前台,开始明目张胆的祸乱国政,皇帝反倒成了他们权利的“代言人”。只要不听话,就会让你非正常死亡!纵观大唐近三百年历史,其兴盛由于得才!贞观、永徽、武周、开元甚至是宪宗元和年间,贤臣良将宛若星汉灿烂,哪里会有佞臣的位置。而没落也全由失才!晚唐时期,阉人掌权,小人得势,奸臣上位,像刘蕡这样忠贞正直有才华的人只能隐没于世。这样的景况,国若不亡,才是咄咄怪事!:()大唐气象

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