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- 第122章 双向情感障碍（第1页）
第122章 双向情感障碍（第1页）
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双向情感障碍是一种既有躁狂症发作，又有抑郁症发作的常见精神障碍，首次发病可见于任何年龄。双向情感障碍的病因尚不清楚，大量研究资料提示，遗传因素、生物学因素和心理社会因素等都对其发生有明显影响，并且彼此之间相互作用，导致疾病的发生和发展。双向情感障碍的临床表现复杂，患者既有躁狂发作，又有抑郁发作。躁狂发作时患者情感高涨、言语活动增多、精力充沛；抑郁发作时患者情绪低落、愉快感丧失、言语活动减少、疲劳迟钝。患者的抑郁和躁狂症状可交替或循环出现，也可以一种状态为主反复发作，发作间歇期症状可完全缓解。若患者在发作期间出现幻觉、妄想或明显的思维形式障碍、反复的自杀企图或出现抑郁性木僵或严重拒食等，应考虑为双向情感障碍的严重类型，即双向情感障碍1型。若患者的躁狂或抑郁发作时间较短，程度较轻，尚不足以诊断为双向情感障碍1型，则诊断为双向情感障碍2型。双向情感障碍的治疗主要包括药物治疗、心理治疗和物理治疗等。药物治疗是双向情感障碍的重要治疗手段，常用的药物包括心境稳定剂、抗抑郁药和抗精神病药等。心理治疗可以帮助患者识别和改变不良的认知和行为模式，提高应对能力和心理韧性。物理治疗包括电抽搐治疗、经颅磁刺激等，对于一些患者可能有较好的疗效。双相情感障碍的临床表现复杂，主要有以下特点：1躁狂发作：患者典型的“三高”表现，即情感高涨、思维奔逸、活动增多。患者自我感觉良好，整天兴高采烈，得意洋洋，笑逐颜开，具有感染力；思维敏捷，反应迅速，口若悬河，语速明显加快，甚至来不及思索，言语内容肤浅；活动增多，爱管闲事，整日忙碌不停，但做事虎头蛇尾，一事无成。2轻躁狂发作：躁狂发作临床表现较轻，持续时间较短，至少4天，社会功能无明显损害或仅轻度损害。3恶劣心境：恶劣心境是指在至少2年时间内，患者几乎每天大部分时间都心情抑郁，其间至少有2个月处于抑郁发作状态，但患者在大部分时间内仍有功能。4环性心境障碍：环性心境障碍是指患者心境高涨与低落反复交替出现，但程度均较轻，不符合躁狂或抑郁发作的诊断标准。双向情感障碍的治疗主要包括药物治疗、心理治疗和物理治疗。药物治疗是目前治疗双向情感障碍的主要方法，常用的药物包括心境稳定剂、抗抑郁药和抗精神病药等。心理治疗可以帮助患者了解自己的病情，掌握应对技巧，提高自我管理能力。物理治疗主要包括电抽搐治疗和经颅磁刺激治疗等。面对现实，一步步做好，精神病都是自大，自以为是的严重借口罢了，当你真正地学会了面对现实，你就摆脱了病魔的困扰了。：（）小小乐趣
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