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第89章 张骞通西域与丝绸之路(第1页)

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六二:同人于宗,吝。和本宗族的人和睦相处,艰难。公元前141年,汉景帝驾崩,汉武帝登基,改元“建元”,这是中国历史上的第一个年号。这一年,汉武帝未满十六岁。年纪轻轻立足不稳,加上他的祖母太皇太后窦氏在朝中影响力极大。汉武帝凡事须奏事东宫,向窦太后汇报,他早期的皇帝工作做得非常艰难。公元前140年,汉武帝在丞相卫绾的辅助下,准备推崇儒学,推行新政。儒生赵绾被任命为御史大夫,王臧被任命为郎中令,准备大干一场。当时,窦太后的侄子窦婴和汉武帝的舅舅田蚡也愿意推行儒术。大家一起准备修明堂、改正朔、易服色,同时准备恢复巡狩封禅等儒家礼制。窦太后是黄老思想的坚定支持者和执行者,她推崇无为而治,发自内心地反感这些大操大办的做法。但是,最开始她没有多说什么。毕竟,小孙孙刘彻才是当朝皇帝,由着他想怎么着就怎么着吧。谁知道,新政实实在在的第一刀居然落到了窦太后头上。这就不能忍了。公元前139年,赵绾上书奏请不再向太皇太后禀奏政事。窦太后闻言大怒:老虎不发威,你们当我是病猫。她派人罗列出赵绾及王臧的过错,然后拿着这些罪状责备汉武帝说:他们是要当第二个新垣平吗?谁是新垣平?一个善于装神弄鬼的人。据《史记·封禅书》记载:赵人新垣平以望气见上,言长安东北有神气,成五采,若人冠絻焉。或曰东北神明之舍,西方神明之墓也。天瑞下,宜立祠上帝,以合符应。新垣平是燕赵人氏,善于望气。这在古代是很了不起的技能。公元前165年,他拜见汉文帝,说在长安东北方向出现了五彩神气,形状好像人之冠冕。有人说东北方是神明居住的地方,西方则是神明的坟墓。现在天降祥瑞,应该立庙祭祀上帝,以应和祥瑞之事。汉文帝于是修建了五帝庙,第二年举行了盛大的郊祀。新垣平因此官封上大夫。他不知足,继续装神弄鬼,对汉文帝说:“阙下有宝玉气来者。”果然,很快有一个人进献了一只玉杯,上面刻着“人主延寿”四个字。汉文帝很高兴。当时的丞相是张苍,精通天文律历,号称无所不观,无所不通。他曾受刘邦之命定章程,确定了汉初的律令和度量衡制度,指导删补编定了《九章算术》。这种聪明人绝对不好糊弄。他和廷尉张释之暗中派人跟踪新垣平,很快找到了给玉杯刻字的工匠。这一下人赃并获,派人上书告发新垣平欺君。汉文帝勃然大怒。新垣平被判了一个灭三族的重罪。赵绾和王臧被捕入狱后自杀,丞相卫绾、窦婴和太尉田蚡被免职。建元新政宣告失败。窦太后这是依先帝遗法,有据可依。她大权在握,影响汉武帝施政,汉武帝无话可说。大长公主刘嫖和皇后陈阿娇却是纯粹在作死。阿娇身为皇后,一度三千宠爱在一身。她始终没能生下一个龙子,不知想法子为汉武帝分忧,反而恃宠而骄横善妒。刘嫖自居拥立之功,变着法子向汉武帝索要财物,但她又不可能进献美女给汉武帝分女儿的宠。只索取而不回报,久而久之就讨人厌了。汉武帝渐渐疏远了她们。但他的母亲王太后冷眼旁观,洞若观火,看得清清楚楚。她私下告诫汉武帝要谨言慎行。其时,汉武帝刚刚即位不久,大臣还没有完全收服,亲信还没培植起来。他如果同时得罪了太皇太后和大长公主,后果相当严重。他只好重新善待刘嫖和陈皇后,同时韬光养晦,开始热衷于微服私访和狩猎。一任政事,则请奶奶窦太后代劳。但他并非什么事都不做。比如要生儿子以续正统,这是国家社稷之大事,谁都阻拦不得。公元前139年,汉武帝不顾陈皇后寻死觅活,临幸了亲姐姐平阳公主府中的歌女卫子夫。第二年,卫子夫顺利怀孕。刘嫖和陈皇后妒忌得不行,她们自知奈何不了卫子夫,就准备拿她的弟弟卫青开刀。幸好她们没有成功,否则汉武帝哪里有后来的丰功伟绩?同一年,汉武帝把目光望向了遥远的西域。这一年,张骞(公元前164年-公元前114年)奉汉武帝之命,率一百多人出使西域,开辟了光耀千古的丝绸之路,打开了中国通往中亚、西亚、南亚乃至欧洲的陆路通道。中西方的商业、文化交流从此日益频繁。通过丝绸之路,中国向西域和中亚各国出售丝绸、茶叶、漆器等货物,同时从欧洲、中西亚引进宝石、玻璃等产品。汉民族从此广为世界知道。张骞归来后,官封博望侯。公元前119年,他奉命再次出使西域。有人认为,张骞打通丝绸之路的重要性,丝毫不亚于欧洲人发现美洲大陆。:()跟着姓名学国学

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