SEQUENCE OF TENSES(第1页)
SEQUEENSES
&woverbsdepehertheirtehaveadefioeachother。"Ishallhavemuchpleasureiingyourkindinvitation&qu,unlessyoureallymeanthatjusthoughby-and-byyouioaccept?orunlessyoumeanthatyoudoaow,thoughyouhavenopleasureindoingso,butlookforwardtobemorepleasedby-and-by。Infactthesequehepoundtensespuzzleexperiehebestplanistogobathoughttothetimeiioenseyouwouldthennaturallyuse。e;Ishouldhavelikedtohavegohecircus"thewaytofindoutthepropersequeoaskyourselfthequestion—whatisitI"shouldhaveliked"todo?andtheplainansweris"togotoseethecircus。"Iswer—"Tohavegohecircus"forthatwouldimplythatataentIwouldhavelikedtobeiionofhavihecircus。ButIdohis?ImeanthatatthemomentateakingIwishIhadgohecircus。TheverbalphraseIshouldhavelikedcarriesmebaewhentherewasaceofseeingthedothetime,thegoingtothecircusisathi。Thiswholeexplaselfintothesimplequestion,—whatshouldIhavelikedatthattime,andthea;togotoseethecircus,"thereforethisisthepropersequeheexpressionshouldbe"Ishouldhavelikedtogotoseethecircus。"
&ospeakofstoatimepriortothatihepastteusetheperfeseoftheinfinitive?as,"Heappearedtohaveseeerdays。"Weshouldsay"Iexpe,"not"Iexpeethim。""Weiovisityou,"not"tohavevisitedyou。""Ihopedtheywouldarrive,"not"Ihopedtheywouldhavearrived。""IthoughtIshouldcatchthebird,"not"IthoughtIshouldhavecaughtthebird。""Ihadiothemeeting,"not"Ihadiohavegoing。"
&>
&ioeerged。Betweeotwoobjeowo。"Themoneywasequallydividedbetwee;isrightwhenthereareonlytwo,butiftherearemorethantwoitshouldbe"themoneywasequallydividedamo;
LESS—FEWER
Lessrefersisquao;Nomaues"shouldbe"Nomaues。""Thefarmerhadsomeoatsayofwheat"shouldbe"thefarmerhadsomeoatsaityofwheat。"
FURTHER—FARTHER
Furtherisoodey,farthertodea;Ihavewalkedfartherthanyou,""Ihersupply"arecorrect。
&HER—OHER
&herreferstotwo,oomorethantwo。"JonesandSmithquarreled?theystruckeachother"iscorrect。"JohandBrowheystruother"isalsocorre'tsay,"Thetwoboysteaother"nor&quirlsloveeachother。"
EACH,EVERY,EITHER,HER
Thesewordsareuallymisapplied。Eabeappliedthernumberofobjectstosignifyeveryohenumberily。Everyrequiresmorethantwotobespokenofahepersstakeherdeheotheroftwo,andshouldoih。heher,denotiher,andnotthetotwopersssideredseparately。
Thefollolesillustratetheceofthesewords:
Eaofthecrewreceivedare>
Everymadisplayedbravery。
Wewalkohersideofthestreet。
&herofthetwoistoblame。
&HER-NOR
&wosingularsubjectsareeeither,noruseasingularverb?as,herJohhere,"here。
NONE
hassaheuseofthiswordbothwithasingularandplural?as—"Noneissoblindashewhowill;and"Nonearesoblindastheywhowill;However,asitisatraooisbettertousethesingularverb。
RISE-RAISE
Theseverbsareveryoftended。Riseistomoveorpassupwardinao"risefrombed?"toinvalue,toimproveinpositionorrank,as"stocksrise?""politisrise?""theyhaverisentohonor。"
&oliftup,toexalt,toenhance,as"Iraisethetable?""Heraisedhisservant?""Thebakerraisedthepriceofbread。"
LAY-LIE
&iveverblay,andlay,thepastteerverblie,areoftended,thoughquitediffereheolie,meaningtoliedow,ottaketheobjectiveafteritexceptosition。Wesay"Heliesontheground,"butweotsay"Heliestheground,"siheverbisransitiveand,assuothaveadirectobject。Withlayitisdifferent。Layisatrahereforeittakesadirectobjectafterit?as"Ilayawager,""Ilaidthecarpet,"etc。
Ofacarpetoranyiweshouldsay,"Itliesonthefloor,""Akhetable,"notlays。Butofapersonwesay—"Helaysthekable,"not"Helies——。"Laybeieolie(down)weshouldsay,"Helayo;aspastparticiplewemustalsosay"Hehaslaino;
Wesay"Ilaymyselfdown。""Helaidhimselfdown"andsuchexpressions。
Itisimperativettheseverbsthattolaymeanstodosomething,aobei。
SAYSI—ISAID
"SaysI"isavulgarism?don'tuseit。"Isaid"is。
IN—INTO
Becarefultodistinguishthemeaniwolittleprepositionsanddon'tihem。Don'tsay"Hewentintheroom"nor"Mybrotherisintothenavy。"Iheplaceers,whetheratrestorinmotio?ara;Hewentintotheroom?""Mybrotherisinthenavy"arecorrect。
&E
Don'tdthetrese。"Ieatthebread"meansthatIamgtheeating?"Iatethebread"meansthattheactofeatingispast。Eateparticiple,butofteisusedinstead,andasithasthesamepronun(et)ofate,careshouldbetakentodistieheperfectIhaveeate)。