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欧阳修也写艳词(第1页)

章节目录保存书签

欧阳修也写“艳词”

关于欧阳修是否曾作艳词,或纯属讹传,抑或事出有因,其间有其政敌毁谤诬陷之成分,但也有与其年少绯闻有关。

欧阳修确实是词作的集大成者。他的词作承前启后,前无古人后无来者,所以他的词作不光量大而且种类风格林林总总,数不胜数。他的词中有大量所谓的艳词,但是这些词作的作者并不全是欧阳修。而且被编纂的欧阳修词集名目繁多,有《近体乐府》《六一词》等,那么在收编的过程中出现大量的误收之作,也属正常。由于宋词高度繁荣,所以在宋词当中张冠李戴的现象很常见。如果我们对一些艳词主观臆断为欧阳修所作,那就违背了做学问的精神。

“见羞容敛翠,嫩脸匀红,素腰袅娜……半掩娇羞,语声低颤,问道有人知么。强整罗裙,偷回波眼……”(《醉蓬莱·见羞容敛翠》)从表面看,这显然是北宋很普遍的艳词。但对于欧阳修这样的大儒来讲这首词明显过于轻浮、****。

“江南柳,叶小未成荫……恁时相见早留心。何况到如今。”(《望江南·江南柳》)这首词描写的是幼年相识的少女,语句中有暧昧之句。此词如若出现在柳永这样的词人的作品中,想必读者不会惊奇,但如若把这词托名于欧阳修这样的词作大儒身上,就会令人惊诧。宋代文人追求自由开放的词风,文人风流也是当时的时代潮流,欧阳修年轻的时候估计也有一些风流韵事。既如此,作一些戏谑性的词作也属正常,但是没有如《醉蓬莱·见羞容敛翠》之****,《望江南·江南柳》之暧昧。有史为证,曾慥在《乐府雅词序》中有这样的记述:“欧公一代儒宗,风流自命,辞章窈眇,世所矜式。乃小人或作艳曲,谬为公词。”蔡绦所著《西清诗话》中道:“欧阳词之浅近者,谓是刘辉伪作。”《名臣录》亦谓:“修知贡巨,为下第举子刘辉等所忌,以《醉蓬莱·见羞容敛翠》《望江南·江南柳》词诬之。”

欧阳修确实写过大量的艳词,但是我们怎样才能正确地认识这些艳词呢?笔者认为只有把它放在特定的历史时期,才能得到真实合理的结论。欧阳修的诗文以现实主义为主,但是其词作以风流为主。这与宋朝的社会风气有很大的关系,宋朝的文化定位其实很开放的,追求自由、喜欢怡情、任性如醉翁的欧阳修,写出大量别具风情的艳词也就很正常了。

欧阳修的艳词尽管引来一些非议,但是就从词作的发展来说,其意义非同小可。其细腻的描写,婉转优雅的词风,语言清新质朴,词中对男女情爱生活的表现手法独特,使宋词的发展迈向了新的台阶。

正如前文所讲,欧阳修的艳词是特定历史条件的产物,是宋词中难能可贵的奇葩,我们不可以视为糟粕,更不能为贤者避讳。艳词非但不会降低贤者的社会影响力,反而更能真实地反映当时士大夫阶层的生活。

我们对欧阳修的艳词应该具体问题具体分析,不应该一言以蔽之,例如《近体乐府》中的一些艳词,不仅词风高雅,还有很深刻的积极意义。这些词甚至对宋词的发展有着重要的意义。

章节目录

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