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第六章 隋朝之绘画(第1页)

章节目录保存书签

第六章隋朝之绘画

东晋自元帝以来凡二百七十年,隋文帝灭北周及陈,南、北两朝对峙之局皆席卷而兼并之,大似秦始皇之兼并六国。结果北朝之风抑,南朝之习改,清谈绝迹,经学代兴,南北朝思想之藩篱自然打破,而绘画亦融和南北风尚之特色。展子虔、董伯仁应召入朝,其初图样各异,后乃互采其意以相资益,由是亦可见一斑。

文帝倾心政治,主节俭,崇文教。于东京观文殿起二台:东曰妙楷台,藏古来之法书;西曰宝迹台,藏古来之名画。开皇二十年,命侍官夏侯朗作《三礼图》。炀帝即位,于洛阳起显仁宫,长安至江都设离宫四十余所,又造汾阳宫。当时土木建筑凌驾汉武。加之寺观邸宅连年造筑,其装饰绘画之需要可想见也。又炀帝撰《古今艺术》五十卷。

名工辈出,如展子虔、董伯仁皆相继入朝。其他阎毗、杨契丹、郑法士兄弟等,皆事隋室。阎毗、杨契丹并长衣冠车马。阎毗传其技于立德兄弟,杨契丹为当时写生家之泰斗。郑法士师法僧繇,独步江左,最长人物、楼台。其层楼添以乔林嘉树、碧潭素濑、杂英芳草,暧然有春台之思。盖楼台为界画,如展子虔、董伯仁皆擅长,故界画于隋朝大为发达。法士之弟法轮、子德文及孙尚子,皆擅名于一时。尚子善战笔之体,甚有气力,衣服、手足、木叶、川流莫不战动,唯须发独尔调利。他人效之,终莫能得。法士之画派,当时袁子昂、陈善见、刘乌及唐初之阎立德兄弟并传其法。

自唐以降,发展之气运,其影响及于山水画。展子虔经北齐、北周,在隋为朝散大夫、帐内都督;画人物描法甚细,随以色晕开,人物面部神采如生,意度自足,可为唐画之祖。其后阎立本、李思训皆宗其法。

此等诸家之外,江志之山水木石,李雅之佛像,皆一时之选。又西域之东部,土尔其尉迟跋质那、印度僧昙摩拙叉及跋摩擅西域画,其画风影响及于中国。跋摩善画十六罗汉像。炀帝晚年,国用不足,内乱频仍,群雄蜂起,遂以前朝之名书法画载往扬州。中途船覆,失其半,其一半传于唐室,即《贞观画史》所载者也。

要之,六朝画艺于各方面发展,而宗教画为中国画史上一大重要之点。以汉代以降中国绘画发达之大势观之,六朝绘画为进于唐代之过渡时期。虽其画风巧致,尚存汉时古拙之余韵;至于写生之技能,则远胜于前代,然未若唐朝之精整。盖过渡时代之现象,尚未进于确然融浑大成之运。绘画至唐,乃达于完备之域,于画史上开一新纪元。写生技巧之胜,因其遗迹及雕塑、书法等可推知也。

章节目录

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