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第四章 魏晋之绘画(第1页)

章节目录保存书签

第四章魏晋之绘画

魏有高贵乡公曹髦(曹髦之迹,独高魏代,有《祖二疏图》《盗跖图》《黄河流势》《新丰放鸡犬图》,又有《於陵子黔娄夫妻图》)、杨修、桓范、徐邈,吴则有吴王赵夫人(丞相赵达妹)、曹不兴,蜀汉则有诸葛亮、诸葛瞻、李意其,然其中唯曹不兴尤显。

不兴,吴兴人。赤乌元年,帝游青溪,赤龙自天而下,凌波而行,遂命不兴图之。权使画屏风,误落笔点素,因就以作蝇。既进,权以为生蝇,举手弹之。又连四十尺绢画一像,心敏手运,须臾立成,头面、手足、胸臆、肩背,亡失尺度。不兴尝从天竺僧康僧会见西域佛画仪范,因以写之。不兴之画,为后世人物画之所祖,亦受佛教之影响也。

西晋荀勖、张墨称为名手,入东晋则更加多。明帝善书画,以王廙为师,尤长佛像,精鉴识。及胡族入洛阳,魏晋以来名迹概遭焚掠。至明帝再搜集法书名画。其后桓玄篡立,此等名迹悉归桓温家。

东晋之名手如卫协、王廙、顾恺之、戴逵戴勃父子、史道硕兄弟,并为世重。而顾恺之、陆探微及宋之张僧繇,并称六朝三大家。卫协,曹不兴之弟子,道释人物冠绝当代。尝作《七佛图》《穆天子宴瑶池图》。谢赫云:“卫协以前之画尚未精微,至卫协始加细密;于形似未优,于骨法则卓然矣。”

弟子顾恺之,字长康,小字虎头,晋陵无锡人。博学有才,所著有《魏晋名流画赞》及《论画》,所画种类极多,自佛像、帝王、将相、烈女以至龙虎、神兽、鹅鹄等,无不俱备。每画人成,或数年不点睛。人问其故,答曰:“四体妍蚩,本无关于妙处,传神写照,正在阿堵中。”兴宁中,瓦官寺初置,僧众设会,请朝贤鸣刹注疏。其时士大夫莫有过十万者,既至长康,直打刹注百万。长康素贫,众以为大言。后寺众请勾疏,长康曰:“宜备一壁。”遂闭户,往来一月余。所画维摩诘一躯,工毕将欲点睛,乃谓寺僧曰:“第一日观者请施十万,第二日可五万,第三日可任例责施。”及开户,光照一寺,施者填咽,俄得百万。

王廙,字世将,琅琊临沂人,工书画。晋室过江,廙书画第一,为明帝师。尝作《孔子十弟子图》,以励其兄子羲之。羲之书为古今冠冕,丹青亦妙,有《杂兽图》《临镜自写真图》。其子献之,工草隶,善丹青。温峤、谢安、嵇康、王蒙、张收皆以善画称。

魏晋间文人弄笔,儒雅风流,耳濡目染,盖一时之风尚然也。且书画同途,善书者类能画。如蔡邕、谢安、王廙、羲之父子,皆以书法著名,涉及丹青,自能入妙。

章节目录

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