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逻辑新引 前 语(第1页)

章节目录保存书签

逻辑新引前语

这本书可以说一部分是作者从事逻辑教学的经验产品。

若干年来,一般读者苦于逻辑枯燥无味,为了解决这个问题,十三年前,作者试着以对话体裁写了一本逻辑入门的书。与同类书籍的行销数量比较起来,事实证明作者采取对话体裁写这类书是符合一般需要的。赴台以后,作者又教这门功课,但那本书已经绝版了。因应教学上的需要,作者又用对话体裁写了一本讲义,由学校油印,内容较前书有所改进。讲义印出以后,一搁又是四年。作者没有再用到它。这四年来,学生们纷纷以介绍逻辑读物相请。这类事实使作者觉得颇有将那份讲义改变成书的形式之必要。可是,去年翻阅那份讲义时,作者认为有许多应该包含进去的东西没有包含进去,而且有许多地方简直不行了。于是,动手大加修正。认真说来,这本书是作者第三次用对话体裁写这类书。

依照英美的标准而论,本书包含了英美基本逻辑教程中应该包含的全部题材——至少大部分题材。不过,在题材的处理上,作者还是多少作了不同的权衡。作者的权衡以这几个条件为依据:一、着重应用方面;二、着重纯逻辑的训练;三、介绍新的说法;四、修正传统逻辑的错误;五、在必要时,提出作者的贡献。

以这五个条件为依据,除了为适应本书的体裁和目标而掺入的因素,作者在这本书中,对于现有的逻辑题材,有所多讲,有所少讲;对于有些人认为是逻辑题材而从现代逻辑眼光看来不属逻辑范围的题材,则根本不讲。在作者认为不当浪费读者脑力的题材上,作者不愿多写一条。在作者认为读者应该攻习的题材上,作者不吝多费一点笔墨。在有些地方,直到现在为止,还是有不少逻辑教科书继续重述传统逻辑中所混杂的文法、心理学、知识论,甚至于伦理学和形上学的若干成分。这对于增进读者的推论能力会有什么帮助?在选取逻辑教材方面,我们应须不太忽视欧美最近数十年来逻辑方面重大的展进才好。

本书既是根据作者从事逻辑教学之经验而写成的,因此,差不多对话中的每一个问题、每一个转折,都是习基本逻辑者所常发生的。在学习的历程中,如果大多数人可能发生的问题相差并不太远,那么作者希望这本书对于希望自修逻辑的人有所帮助,正如希望它对于攻习大学基本逻辑的人有所帮助一样。

运用这种体裁写逻辑书,作者备感吃力。当然,如果一个人吃力而多数人得以省力,那么是件很值得的事。但是,作者所希望的,是读者在比较省力的条件之下训练严格的推论力,甚至于到达森严的逻辑宫殿。所以,在不可避免用力的时候,还得读者自己用力。攻习任何科学,相当的牛角尖是一定要钻的。如其不然,我们将永远停留在浮光掠影的阶段。在钻过牛角尖以后,如果我们增益了相当的智能,那么正是我们到达了进步之起点。

殷海光

章节目录

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