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- 六史 前汉 自序（第1页）
六史 前汉 自序（第1页）
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六史：前汉自序
吾国之有史，由来久矣。自汉司马迁创作《史记》，体例独详，遂为后世史家之祖，班固因之，辑成《汉书》，而迁固之名乃并著焉。窃案迁《史》起自黄帝，讫于天汉，大旨在叙古从略，叙秦汉从详，综计得百三十篇，共五十二万六千余言。班《书》则始于秦季，终于孝平王莽，凡百二十卷，计七十余万言，视迁《史》为尤繁矣。后之学者，慕其名，辄购《史》《汉》二书而庋藏之，问其熟览与否，则固无以应也。盖二书繁博，非旬月所能卒读，且文义精奥，浅见之士，尚不能辨其句读，一卷未终，懵然生厌，遑问其再四寻绎乎？他若涑水《通鉴》、紫阳《纲目》，以及《通鉴纪事本末》《通鉴辑览》《纲鉴会纂》《纲鉴易知录》等书，编年纪事，历姓相承，而首数卷间，各列秦汉事实，读史者辄举而窥之，固求其提要钩玄，记忆不忘者，亦罕有所闻。至如稗官野史之纪载，则一鳞一爪，或犹能称道之，是无佗，稗史之引起观感，令人悦目，固较正史为尤易也。鄙人不敏，尝借说部体裁，演历史故事，由今追昔，溯而上之，以至秦汉。秦自始皇至子婴历国三世，第十有五年耳。依事演述，寥寥数回，不足以成卷帙，且名为一朝，但闻暴政，未底于治，实为由周至汉之过渡时代，附入于汉，存其名而已足矣。汉则两京迭嬗，阅年四百有余，而前汉二百一十年间，有女宠，有外戚，有方镇，有夷狄，有嬖幸，有阉宦，有权奸，盖已举古今来病国之厉阶，汇集其中，故治日少而乱日多。其尤烈者，则为女宠，为外戚。高祖以百战成帝业，而其权且移于宫闱；文景惩之，厥祸少杀；至武帝尊田蚡，贵卫青，女宠外戚，于此复盛；至许史盛于宣元，王赵丁傅盛于成哀；平帝入嗣，元皇后老而不死，自卒贻王莽篡弑之祸；然则谓前汉一代与女宠外戚相终始，亦无不可也。本编兼采正稗，贯彻初终，所有前汉治乱之大凡，备载无遗。而于女宠外戚之兴衰，尤再三致意，揭示后人，非敢谓有当史学，但以浅近之词，演述故乘，期为通俗教育之助云尔。班马可作，当亦不笑我粗疏也。惟书成仓卒，不无讹词，匡而正之，是在海内之通儒。
中华民国十四年立冬之日，古越蔡东藩叙
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