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24 沧浪亭记(第1页)

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24沧浪亭记

归有光

沧浪亭位于今江苏苏州市,建造者是北宋诗人苏舜钦。作者应僧人文瑛之请写下这篇文章,通过描写沧浪亭的历史演变,即由园变成亭,由亭变成庵,再由庵变成亭,抒发了对盛衰无常的感慨,同时,他也指出,只有道德文章才能历经万世而不朽。

浮图文瑛居大云庵,环水,即苏子美沧浪亭之地也a。亟求余作《沧浪亭记》b,曰:“昔子美之记,记亭之胜也,请子记吾所以为亭者。”

余曰:昔吴越有国时c,广陵王镇吴中d,治南园于子城之西南e,其外戚孙承佑,亦治园于其偏。迨淮海纳土,此园不废。苏子美始建沧浪亭,最后禅者居之。此沧浪亭为大云庵也。有庵以来二百年,文瑛寻古遗事,复子美之构于荒残灭没之余,此大云庵为沧浪亭也。

夫古今之变,朝市改易。尝登姑苏之台,望五湖之渺茫,群山之苍翠,太伯、虞仲之所建f,阖闾、夫差之所争,子胥、种、蠡之所经营g,今皆无有矣,庵与亭何为者哉?虽然,钱镠因乱攘窃h,保有吴越,国富兵强,垂及四世,诸子姻戚,乘时奢僭,宫馆苑囿,极一时之盛,而子美之亭,乃为释子所钦重如此。可以见士之欲垂名于千载之后,不与其澌然而俱尽者i,则有在矣。

文瑛读书喜诗,与吾徒游,呼之为沧浪僧云。

注释

a苏子美:即北宋文学家苏舜钦,字子美。

b亟:多次。

c吴越:五代十国时十国之一。

d吴中:旧时对吴郡或苏州府的别称。

e南园:泛指园囿。子城:即内城。

f太伯、虞仲:相传是吴国的开创者。

g子胥、种、蠡:指伍子胥、文种和范蠡。

h钱镠(liú):吴越国的建立者。攘(rǎnɡ):窃取。

i澌(sī)然:冰块溶解的样子。

译文

僧人文瑛住在大云庵,那里四面环水,就是从前苏舜钦修筑沧浪亭的地方。文瑛多次请我写一篇《沧浪亭记》,说:“从前苏舜钦写的记,记述的是沧浪亭的优美风景,请你记述一下我重建这个亭子的缘由吧。”

我说:从前吴越建国时,广陵王镇守吴中,在内城的西南修了一座园子,他的外戚孙承佑在它旁边也修了座园子。后来淮海这块土地纳入了宋朝的版图,这座园林没有废弃。苏舜钦开始在这里修筑沧浪亭,后来僧人住在这里。这就是沧浪亭变成大云庵的经过。建成大云庵以来已经两百年了,文瑛寻访古代的遗迹,在荒芜残破的废墟上修复苏舜钦的建筑构架,这是大云庵变成沧浪亭的经过。

历史变迁,朝代、市容在更改。我曾经登上姑苏台,眺望五湖的烟波浩渺,群山的苍翠,太伯、虞仲建立的国家,阖闾、夫差所争夺的土地,子胥、文种、范蠡所经营的盛世,如今都不复存在了,大云庵和沧浪亭又算得了什么呢?虽然是这样,钱镠趁着乱世窃取王位,占据了吴越之地,国富兵强,延续了四代,他的子孙和姻戚,借着时运奢侈僭越,宫馆园林的修建,盛极一时。然而苏舜钦的沧浪亭,被佛教僧人如此敬重。可见士人要流传美名于千年之后,而不和冰块一样消失,是有原因的。

文瑛喜欢读书作诗,跟我们交游,我们管他叫沧浪僧。

章节目录

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