附录一 What I Believe102（第1页）

附录一WhatIBelieve[1]02

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IarrivedinAmeriism，butIsoonmadefriendsaobeveryforyaheimismandessoftheAmerisimpressedmemostfavorably。Inthislandthereseemednothingwhiotbeachievedbyhumanintellige。Iotescapetheofthischeerfuloutlookonlife，whithecourseofafewyears，graduallycuredmyprematuresenility。

&toseeafootballgameforthefirsttime，Isattherephilosophicallyamusedbytheroughhegameandbythewildyellsandcheerswhichseemedtomequitebeyoftheuudent。But，asthestrugglebeoreexg，Ibegantocatthusiasm。Theurningmyhead，Isawtherofessorofbotany，Mr。lee，gandyellingiiness，asoashamedofmyselfthatIwassenthusiasticallywiththecrowd。

EvenduridaysiyearsoftheeseRepubliagedtokeepupmygoodaletterwrittentoaesefriend，Isaid:“Nothingishopelessexyouaupashopeless。”Inmydiaries，IwrotedownsuchquotationsasthisfromClough:“Ifhopesaredupes，fearsareliars。”Orthis，inmyowion，fr:

Ournedhisback，butmarchedbreastfor>

&edclouds>

hhtrongwouldtriumph，Heldwefalltorise，arebaffledtofightbetter，sleepto>

InJanuary，1914，Iwrotethisentryinmydiary:“IbelievethatthegreatestthingIhavelearnedsingaisthisoptimisticphilosophyoflife。”In1915IwasawardedtheHiramPrizeforthebestessayoBrowofmyessaywas“InDefense’sOptimism。”Ithinkitwaslargelymygraduallygedoutlookomademespeakwithasenseofintakinguphisdefense。

IbegaycareerasastudentiateCollegeofAgricultureativersity。Mychoicewasbasedoheinathataesestudentmustlear，aureandphilosophywerenotsideredofanypracticaluse。Buttherewasalsoaneotive:theCollegeofAgriculturetheiohoughtImightbeabletosaveapartofmymonthlyallowaomymother。

Ihadhadnoexperienawasnotinagriculture。ThefreshmanEnglishLiteratureaerestedmefarmorethanFarmPradPomology。Afterhesitatingforayearandahalf，IfinallytraheCollegeofArtsahepenaltyofpayiers’tuitioonce，whionths’privation。ButIfeltmoreathomeiudiesandhavehege。

AtheHistoryofEuropeanPhilosophy—uinspirihelateProfessorJ。E。etomajorinPhilosophy。IalsotookakeeinEnglishLiteratureandPolitice。TheSageSchoolofPhilosophyatellwasastrongholdofIdealism。Usguidahemoreimportantworksoftheclassicalphilosophersofaaimes。IalsoreadtheseworksofsuchlaterIdealistsasBradleyandBosaheirproblemsedme。

In1915IwenttobiaUyandstudiedunderProfessorJohhesummerof1917，wheoderDewey’sinspiration，IwrotemydissertationooftheLogicalMethodia，”whichmademerereadthephilossofadlaidthefoundationforallmylaterresearthehistoryofesethought。

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Duringmy7yearsinAmerica，Ihadmara-curricularactivitieswhichprobablyhadasmuylifeandthoughtasmyuywork。

&heIionalPolityClubswerefouheleadershipofNasmythandNell，Iwasoivemembersandpartitheirfirsttwoannual1916IwasawardedtheIionalPolityClubPrizeformyessayon“IsThereaSubstituteforForternatioions?”inwhichIexpouhephilosophyofaleagueofnationsontheideaoflawasanizedforce。

MyreadingofIbsen，JohnMorley，ametheimportanestthinkingaspeaking。IreadallofIbsen’splaysandarticularlypleasedbyAhePeople。Morley’sessay，“Onise，”firstreeomebymygoodfriehCliffordWilliams，hasremaihemostimportantspiritualinfluenylife。Morleyhastaughtmethat“apribesousohelargerexpedieoabandonthatforthesakeofsomeseemihehour，istosacrificethegreatergoodfortheless。Nothingissosuretoimpoverishaodepriveduobleness，andcharacterofelevation。”

&illfurtherahodofiualhoy。Hemerelysays:“Givemesuceaswouldjustifymeihingelse，andIwillbelievethat（theimmortalityofman）。Itisalktomeofanalogiesandprobabilities。IknowwhatImeanwhenIsayIbelieveiheinversedsquare，andIwillmylifeandmyhopesupoions。”Huxleyhasalsosaid，“Themostsaaosayandtofeel‘Ibelievesudsuchtobetrue。’Allthegreatestrewards，apenaltiesofexistenguponthatact。”

ItisfromProfessorDeweythatIhavelearhemostsacredresponsibilityofamaoehihinksluggishly，tothinkwithardtotheasandcesofthought，toacceptready-madeandusaspremisesofthinking，toallowpersonalfasciouslytoihinking，ortofailtotestone’sideasbywouttheirresultsistobeiuallyirrespohegreatestdiscoveriesoftruth，acalamitiesinhistory，dependuponthis。

Deweyhasgivenusaphilosophyofthinkingwhichtreatsthinkingasanart，asateique。AndihinandEssaysialLogichehasworkedoutthisteiquewhichIhavefouonlyofthediscoveriesialsces，butalsoofthebestresearthehistorices，suchastextualcriticism，philologistrudhighercritiallthesefields，thebestresultshavebeehesameteique，whiitsessesofaboldnessiinghypothesescoupledwithamostsolicitardfordverifi。ThislaboratoryteiqueofthiheiveIntelligeistrulycreativeintheexeraginatioyinseekingevidenddevisiaisfactoryresultsthatflowfromthesuccessfulfruitionofthinking。

Curiouslyenough，thisiallogiedmeintoahistoricalresearchworker。Ihavelearhiidthisgeofthinkihekeytosuallmysubsequentworkioryofthoughtaure。Morecuriousstill，thishistoricalwayofthinkinghasnotmademeaservativebutalrogressive。Forinstance，myargumentsfortheliteraryrevolutioninahavebeeirelybasedupontheusofhistoricalevolutionandtheyhavebeensofarunanswerablebymyoppos。

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&hofmymotherinNovember，1918，wastheowhichledtothefirstformulationofthecredoforwhichIhadbeengropiworldforover14years。ItublishedinFebruary，1919，iitled“Immortality，MyReligion。”

BeyearlybsIhadloedtheideaofpersonalsurvivalafterdeath。FormanyyearsIhadyselfwitharihreeImmortalities”whidisoentaryontheChiu，whereitwasrecordedthatthewisestatesmanShu-sinPaodetheyear548B。fuciuswasonly3yearsold）thattherewerethreekindsofimmortality:theimmortalityofVirtue，ofServidofWiseSpeech。“Thesearenotteimeandthatiswhatismeantbyimmortalityafterdeath。”ThisdoeattrauchthatIoftenfriendsaherialityofthethreeork，andWords）。”

Mymother’sdeathsetmethihisproblem，aofeelthatthedoeoftheThreeImmortalitieswasinneedofrevision。Itisdefethefirstplabeingtooexclusive。Holearethereinthisworldwhoseatsinvirtue，inserviliteraryandphilosophiotteime?Christopherbus，forexample，maybeimmortal，buthowabouttheothermembersofhiscrew?Howaboutthemenwhobuilthisshipsorfurools，orthemanypioneersavedthewayforhimeitherbyceousthinkingorbysuccessfulorunsuccessfulexplorationsoftheseas?Howmuustoneaordertoattainimmortality?

Inthesedplace，thisdoefailstofurnishaiveanduct。Virtueisimmortal，buthowaboutvice?ShallweagaihebeliefiDayandHellFire?

AsIreviewedthelifeofmydeadmother，whoseactivitieshadhetrivialdetailsofthehomebutwhoseinfluencecouldbeclearlyseenohosemenandwomeomourh，ahepersonalinfluenyfatheronherwholelifeanditslastionmyself，Icametothethateverythingisimmortal。Everythingthatweare，everythingthatwedo，ahatwesayisimmortaliithasitseffeewhereinthisworld，ainturnwillhaveitsresultssome-whereelse，ahinggoesoniimeandspace。