第二节 贸易与劳工标准问题02（第1页）

第二节贸易与劳工标准问题02

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&ES-IMPORTPROHIBITIOAIN

SHRIMPANDSHRIMPPRODUCTS

（WTDS58R15May1998）

FAtheUes，pursuanttotheEnda，allseaturtlesthatoU。S。watersarelistedasehreateerseveralstudiesledtothethattheiureanddrowningofturtlesbyshrimptrawlerswasasignifiortalityfulationswereissuedrequiringshrimpfishermaurtleexcluderdevices（TEDs）ortowtimerestri1989，twoyearsaftertheissuaheseregulatioion609ofPublio。101-162wasehetimethisdisputearose，Se609prohibitedtheimportofshrimpandshrimpprodualltriesthathadifiedbythePresidentashavingadulattheiakilesintheptrawlharvestingparabletothatoftheUes。Forthepurposeofcertifi，theregulatramhadtoincludearequirementthatallercialshrimptrawlvesselsuseTEDsthatwereparableiiveEDsusedied

States。

India，Pakistan，Thailand，andMalaysiaclaimedthattheSeportbanfromifiedtriesstitutedaviolationofArticleⅪ:1。ArticleⅪ:1readsasfollows:

Noprohibitioiohaaxeses，whethermadeeffectivethroughquotas，importorexportlieasures，shallbeinstitutedormaintainedbyanygpartyoionofanyproductoftheterritoryofaragpartyoroionorsaleforexportofanyproduedfortheterritoryofaragparty。

AftergSe609，whichprohibitedimportsfromtriesainpoliditions，stitutedaviolationofArticleⅪ:1，thePanelsideredtheU。S。ArticleⅩⅩdefense。

Ⅶ。FINDINGS

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&ICLEXXGATT1994

1。Preliminaryremarks

7。24TheUesclaimsthatthemeasuresatissueadoptedpursuaion609，whichwerefoundtobeihArticlesⅪ:1GATT1994，arejustifieduicleⅩⅩ（b）and（g）ofGATT1994。India，PakistanandThailaicleⅩⅩ（b）and（g）otbeiifyameasureliestoanimalsnotwithinthejurisdiberenagthemeasure。Malaysiadsthat，siion609allowstheUestotakeailaterallytoserveasharednaturalresource，itisthereforeihesntyprinderiionallaw。TheUesrespondsthatArticleⅩⅩ（b）and（g）ojurisdiitations，norlimitatioionoftheanimalsorobeprotedservedandthat，undergeneralpriernatitherighttulateimportswithintheirjurisdi。

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7。26TheargumeiesraisethegeioicleⅩⅩ（b）and（g）applyatallwheakenameasureismarketfivenprodutheadoptioaiioheexpMember（s）。Weiaeattheservatioionoftheehesametime，byagtheWTOAgreemethemselvestoobligationswhichlimittheirrighttoadoptmeasures。WethereforesideritimportaermiwhetherthescopeofArtieasureswherebyaMembersaarketfivenprodutheadoptioaiioheexpMember（s）。

7。27PursuanttoArticle3。2oftheDSUandinaceellateBodydes，weshould，whentryingtoclarifythescopeofArticleⅩⅩ，haverearyrulesofiionofpubliationallaw。Weicle31（1）oftheVieioreaties（1969）（hereafterthe“Vieion”）providesthat:

“Atreatyshallbeiedingoodfaithinacewiththetobegiveermsofthetreatyiextaofitsobjedpurpose”。

Therefore，iermihescopeofArticleⅩⅩ，itisootoheir，butalsotheirdtheobjedpurposeofGATT1994aOAgreementitself。

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2。ChapeauofArticleⅩⅩ

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7。33IoapplyArtithiscase，wemust，asmentionedinparagraph7。27above，iiicle31（1）oftheVieioicularly，thechapeauofArticleⅩⅩmustbeihebasisoftheofitsterms，iextaoftheobjedpurposeofGATT1994aOAgreement。

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7。35…Article31（2）oftheVieiohetextforthepurposeoftreatyiioextoftheagreement，ingitspreambleahesametokeheobjedpurposeofaimpliesaiooftheagreementandofitspreamble。tly，wesiderthatthetextofthechapeauofArtiihatofArticleⅩⅩasawhole。Furthermore，astheWTOAgreementisaedsystemingGATT1994，weshallsiderasthetextofthedofArticleⅩⅩasawholenotoherrelevantprovisionsofGATT1994togetherwithitspreambleaalsotheWTOAgreement，ingitspreambleanditsotherahesamereasoaobesideredisnotonlythatofGATT1994，butthatoftheWTOAgreementasawhole。

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