第四节 一般例外02（第2页）

2。Inpartidwithrespecttothesubject-matterofthis，thePartiesshallaacewiththeprovisionsoftheAgreementonTeicalBarrierstoTradeediheWTOAgreemeicleⅪoftheGeonTariffsandTradeof1994。…（emphasisadded）

170。Thejuxtapositionof（a）thesualuakingstoputiifor，interalia，useofTEDsjoiobesuitableforaparticularparty'smaritimeareas，with（b）thereaffirmatioies’obligatioOAgreement，ingtheAgreementonTeicalBarrierstoTradeaheGATT1994，suggeststhatthepartiestotheInter-Ameritiohermarkedouttheequilibriumliowhichwereferredearlier。TheInter-Ameritioestheofitssignatories，ingtheUes，thatsualandmultilateralproceduresareavailableandfeasiblefortheestablishmentramsfortheservatioles。Moreover，theInter-AmeritionemphasizesthegvalidityandsigicleⅪoftheGATT1994，aioenerally，inmaintainingthebalasandobligatioOAgreementamooriesofthat。

171。TheInter-AmeritionthusprovidesgdemonstrationthataivecourseofawasreasoheUesfthelegitimatepolieasure，acourseofaotherthaeralandnon-sualproportprohibitioion609。Itisrelevaanimportprohibitionis，ordinarily，theheaviest“on”inaMember'sarmoryoftrademeasures。Therecorddoesnot，however，showthatseriouseffortsweremadebytheUestoesimilaragreementswitharyroupoftriesbefore（and，asfarastherecordshows，after）Se609wasenforaworld-widebasison1May1996。Finally，therecordalsodoesnotshoellaedStates，attemptedtohaverecoursetosuationalmeismsasexisttoachievecooperativeeffortstoproteserveseaturtlesbeforeimposiban。

172。Clearly，theUesedseriouslywithsome，butnotwithotherMembers（ingtheappellees），thatexportshrimptotheUes。Theeffectisplainlydisatoryand，iifiable。TheunjustifiablehisdisergesclearlywhenwesiderthecumulativeeffectsofthefailureoftheUestotiatioablishingsualmeansofprotedservationofthelivingmarineresourceshereihstastatutorydireSe609itselftoiionsassoonaspossibleforthedevelopmentofbilateralandmultilateralagreements。Theprinsequehisfailuremaybeseeingunilateralismevideioion609。Ashasizedearlier，theptotheyforuseofpartidsofTEDsinvariousmaritimeareas，aiailsofthesepolicies，areallshapedbytheDepartmentofState，withoutthepartioftheexpMembers。ThesystemandprocessesofcertifiareestablishedandadmiheUesagene。Thedeakihegrant，denialorwithdrawalofcertifitotheexpMembers，is，agly，alsouheunilateralcharacteroftheappliofSe609heighteiveanddisatoryiheimportprohibitionandusunjustifiability。

173。TheappliofSe6htheimplementiogetherwithadmiice，alsoresultedinotherdiffereamongvarioustriesdesiriiohe1991and1993Guideliifiable，fourteehewiderwesternAtlantihadtoselvestorequiretheuseofTEDsonallercialshrimptrawlingvesselsby1May1994。Thesefourteentrieshada“phase-ihreeyearsduringwhichtheirrespectiveshrimptrawliorscouldadjusttotherequiremeEDs。WithrespecttoallothertriesexpshrimptotheUes（ingtheappellees，India，Malaysia，PakistanandThailand），on29December1995，theUesCourtofIioedtheDepartmentofStatetoapplytheimportbanonaworld-widebasishan1May1996。On19April1996，the1996GuidelineswereissuedbytheDepartmentofStatebringingshrimpharvestedirieswithinthescopeofSe609，effective1May1996。Thus，alltriesthatwerenotamoeeninthewiderwesternAtlantihadonlyfourmonthstoimplemeofpulsoryuseofTEDs。WeaowledgethatthegreatlydifferingperiiherequiremeEDsresultedfromdesoftheCourtofIionalTrade。Evenso，thisdoesheUesofthelegalcesofthedispactofthedesofthatCourt。TheUes，likeallotherMembersoftheWTOandofthegeneralunityofstates，bearsresponsibilityforactsofallitsdepartmentsofgover，ingitsjudiciary。

174。Thelengthofthe“phase-in”periodisnotiialftriesdesiriion。Thatperiodrelatesdirectlytotheoheburdensofplyingwiththerequisitesofcertifidthepracticalfeasibilityofloddevelopiiveexportmarketsforshrimp。Theshorterthatperiod，theheaviertheburdensofpliaicularlylithasalargerawlervessels，ahedifficultiestheharvestingtry'sshrimpexports。Theshorterthatperiod，iheheaviertheiheimportbaedStatessoughttoexplainthemarkeddiffereeriodsgrahefourteenwiderwesternAtlantitriesandthoseallowedtherestoftheshrimpexptries。TheUesassertedthattheloime-periodwasjustifiedbythethenuerofTEDteology，whiletheshorterperiodwaslatermadepossiblebytheimprovementsinthatteology。Thisexplanatiohanpersuasive，foritdoesheadministrativeandfinancialdthediffientsinputtiherahenecessaryregulatramsand“crediblee”，andihepulsoryuseofTEDsonhundreds，ifnotthousands，ofshrimptrawlvessels。

175。DifferiofdifferenttriesdesiriionisalsoobservableinthedifferehelevelsofeffortmadebytheUesiherequiredTEDteologytospetries。Fargreatereffortstotraeologysuccessfullyweremadetoexptries—basicallythefourteenwiderwesternAtlantitriescitedearlier—thaingtries，ingtheappellees。Theleveloftheseeffortsisprobablyrelatedtothelengthofthe“phase-in”periodsgrahe“phase-ihehigherthepossiblelevelofeffortsatteologytransfer。BepliaherequiremeioicallyassumessuccessfulTEDteologytransfer，lowormerelyagthattransferrobability，resultiriesbeiisfythecertifirequiremeion609，withied“phase-in”periodsallowedthem。

176。WhenthefdifferehemeansofappliofSe609tovariousshrimpexptriesaresideredintheircumulativeeffed，andsohold，thatthosedifferereatmentstitute“unjustifiabledisatioingtriesdesiriiaiheUesshrimpmarketwithinthemeaningofthechapeauofArticleⅩⅩ。

…

185。Iheses，wewishtouwehavehisappeal。WehaveheprotedpreservationoftheeisofnosigheMembersoftheWTO。Clearly，itis。WehavehesnnationsthatareMembersoftheteffectivemeasurestoprotegeredspecies，suchasseaturtles。Clearly，theydshould。Adecidedthatsnstatesshouldnotacttogetherbilaterally，plurilaterallyormultilaterally，eitherwithiOoriernationalfora，toprotegeredspeciesortootherwiseproteviroheyshouldanddo。

186。Whatwehavedethisappealissimplythis:althoughthemeasureoftheUesihisappealservesanealobjectivethatisreizedaslegitimateunderparagraph（g）ofArticleⅩⅩoftheGATT1994，thismeasurehasbeeheUesinamannerwhistitutesarbitraryandunjustifiabledisatioweeheWTO，trarytotherequirementsofthechapeauofArticleⅩⅩ。ForallofthespecifisoutlihisReport，thismeasuredoesnotqualifyfortheexemptionthatArticleⅩⅩoftheGATT1994affordstomeasureswhichservereized，legitimateealpurposesbutwhich，atthesametime，arenotappliedistitutesameansofarbitraryorunjustifiabledisatiorieswherethesamesprevailuisedrestriiionaltrade。Asweemphasizedies-GasoliOMembersarefreetoadopttheirownpoliciesaimedatprotegtheeaslongas，insodoing，theyfulfilltheirobligatioherightsofotherMembersuOAgreement。

Findingsands

187。ForthereasoiheAppellateBody:

…

&hePanel'sfindingthataoedinformatioveralsourpatiblewiththeprovisionsoftheDSU;

&hePanel'sfindingthattheUesmeasureatissueisnotwithintheseasurespermitteduhechapeauofArticleⅩⅩoftheGATT1994，and

（cludesthattheUesmeasure，whilequalifyingforprovisionaljustifiderArticleⅩⅩ（g），failstomeettherequirementsofthechapeauofArtid，therefore，isnotjustifieduicleⅩⅩoftheGATT1994。

&ions:

1。HowtroversialmeasuresbejustifiedwheoArticle20ofGATT1994agtotheDSBjurisprudence?

2。Inwhatkindofembers’measuresbejustifiedietIndustry”?

【复习思考题】

1。《农产品协定》的主要内容。

2。《纺织品与服装协定》的主要内容。

3。结合WTO争端解决机构所审理的典型案件理解一般例外制度。

[1]陈卫东：《WTO例外条款解读》，北京，对外经济贸易大学出版社，2002，第197页。

[2]PaonUS-Gasoline，paras。6。26and6。28。

[3]AppellateBodyReportonEC-Asbestos，paras。170-172。

[4]陈卫东：《WTO例外条款解读》，北京，对外经济贸易大学出版社，2002，第242页。

[5]AppellateBodyReportonKorea-VariousMeasuresonBeef，para。157。

[6]AppellateBodyReportonKorea-VariousMeasuresonBeef，paras。161-162and164。

[7]AppellateBodyReportonUS-Shrimp，paras。128-131。

[8]AppellateBodyReportonUS-Gasoline，p。19。

[9]AppellateBodyReportonUS-Gasoline，p。21。

[10]曹建明、贺小勇：《世界贸易组织》，北京，法律出版社，2004，第184页。

[11]AppellateBodyReportonUS-Gasoline，p。23。

[12]AppellateBodyReportonUS-Gasoline，p。25。