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Appendix 2(第2页)

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&s’broaddiversityintermsofplaajor,andEFLlearnihelptoehegeneralisabilityofthefindioabroaderpopulatiopartitstookEnglishcoursesthatweretypicallyteatedandhad50-60studentsineachclass。Duetocrowdedclasssize,thedominantiioeacher-studeed。

&eacherpartitswereeightfemaleteacherswhotaughtEnglishtothestudentpartits。Mostofthemwereintheirearly30s,withtheyou24a42。Atthetimethedatawerecollected,theoldestteacherhadbeenteaglishfor19years,ahadbeenteagfor2years。Twoteachershadmorethaeagexperieheotherfourhad7-8yearsofteagexperiehregardtoqualifis,fiveteachershadanMA,oneursuingaPhD,andtwMAs。

Is

Datawereobtainedusiioeacherquestioautobiographies,studentieaterviews。Thestudeionnaireprisedbadinformation,theGeneralisedBeliefMeasure(GBM),theGeudeMeasure(GAM),andtheFuageAyScale(FLCAS)。Theteacherquestionnaireincludedbadinformation,theGBM,andtheGAM。Ioimprovethevalidityofthedataandtoavoidpartits’misuandingtofullyexpresstheirviewsduetlishproficylimitations,theywererequestedtouseVieterviewsandautobiographies,aionnaireswerepresentedinanEnamesebilingualformat。

GeneralisedBeliefMeasure。TheGBM(McCroskey,2006;Mp;Rid,1989,1996)tedteneralbeliefsabouttheexistenceofFLA。This7-point,5-itemscaleedusiitialteique(seeDunn-Rankin,1983;Heise,1970)。Thescalemeasuresbeliefsusing5bipolaritemsthatfothedegreetowhidividualacceptsastatemeiablebelief。Forthepurposeofthisstudy,thebeliefthatwasmeasuredwaslearningEnglishasafuagemakesmasanxious(seeAppendixS1flishversionoftheGBM)。

GeudeMeasure。TheGAM(McCroskey,2006;Mp;Rid,1989,1996)tedteudestowardsFLA。Thisisa7-point,6-itemscalewithsixbipolarpairsofadjectives。LiketheGBM,theGAMedusiitialteique。Theceptthatwasmeasuredinthisstudywasfuageay(seeAppendixS2flishversionoftheGAM)。

FuageAyScale。TheFLCASdevelopedbyHorwitzetal。(1986)tedtomeasurestudents’levelofahisssistsof33statementswhichassessuniapprehey,andfearofionassociatedwithFLA。Theinalscludes24positivelywordedaivelywordedstatements,withtingfrom33to165(therespohe9ivelywordeditemsarereversedandrecodedbeforegtotalsdwithlowertotalsdighigherlevelsofahisstudy,thequestionnaireuseda5-poisgingfrlydisagreetree,withhighertotalsdighigherlevelsofay(seeAppendixS3flishversionoftheFLCAS)。

&yanalysesperfBM,theGAM,andtheFLCASrevealhighinternalcylevelsforthethreescales(seeTable2)。

Table2。ReliabilityofS=419)

Note。GBM=GeneralisedBeliefMeasure;GAM=GeudeMeasure;FLCAS=FuageAyScale。

&EFLlearningautobiographies。SelectedpartithisstudywereaskedtowriteanautobiographyabouttheirEFLlearningexperiencesbasedonpromptsthataimedtodirectthefocusoftheirexperieheiremotionsandfeelingsinEFLclasses。ThepromptswereselectedtofacilitatestudeionsontheirEFLlearningexperienitlathelengthoftheautobiography。Thestudentswereeoprovideasmuationaspossible。

&uredihepurposeofstudentieaterviewswastoeliationabouttheirawarenessofandattitudestowardsFLA。Theinterviewswerefacetofadsemistructured,withtheiogdesignedihemaiionswereasfolloouldyoudescribeyouryourstudents’feelingsinEnglishlanguagesessions?Beforeyouwereihisstudy,hadyhtthatmasareanxiousabEFL?WhatisyouropinionaboutthedegreeofstudeEFLlearning?WhatdoyouthinkaboutthefeelingofayinEFLlearheinterviewees’respoableprobeswereusedtoelicitadditionalinformation。

Procedures

&questionnaireswereadmio10intactclassesofnon-English-majorstudents,whichwereraedfrom25classesof1,298studentsenrolledinaBasiglishLevel2course。Of434collectedquestionnaires,419couldbeused(15werediscardedbecausetheywereiudents’overallaylevelsweredeterminedbysummioallofthequestionsintheFLddividialby33(thetotalnumberofquestiohecriteriasetbyHorwitz(2008),studeifiedashighay(HA=averagesnear4andabove),mediumay(MA=averagesaround3),andloway(LA=averagesbelow3)。Eightees(6HA,6MA,and6LA)wereraedforstudentinterviews,followingamaximumvariationsampliy-obiographieswerecolleanxiousstudents,followingacriticalcasesamplingscheme(seeOnwuegbuzie&s,2007)。

&eacherpartitsfirstpletedtheteacherquestiohenpartiteaterviews。

DataAnalysis

Dataforthisstudyihquaa(questionnaires)andqualitativedata(iobiographies)。ThestatisticalpackageSPSSwasusedtoprocessthequaa,andNVivosoftwareassistedinprogqualitativedatafollowianalysisprocedures(Bryman,2008;Tonkiss,2004)。Themodeofdataiionlementary,wherebyeachdatasourddataanalysisaddresseddifferentlyframedresearchquestions(Brannen,2004,2008),butwasalsoginthatdiffereswereectedatthestageofiion(CreslanoClark,2007)。

&SANDDIS

ThefindingsabouttheexistenceofFLAattheresearchsite(ResearchQuestion1),students’aeachers’awarenessofFLA(ResearchQuestion2),as’aeachers’attitudestowardsFLA(ResearchQuestioedsequentiallyinthefollowiions。Iofacilitatetragreferehedata,thefollowingcodesareused:Int=i=autobiography;L=line。Forexample,(Lan,Int,L5)ihereferentheihLahetranscript。Allnamesarepseudonyms。

&enceuageAy

&y-of33statementsontheFLCASweresupportedbymorethahirdofthestudeudy。Inparticular,20ofthese29statemeedbyoverhalfofthestudents(seeAppendixS3),indigthatthestudeedbyawidevarietyofFLA-relatedindioudents,68。7%(n=288)hadscoresof99orabove(i。e。,averagesabove3)andweresideredtobesufferingfromsomedegreeofahisiFLAinthispopulatios,asmeasuredbytheFLCAS,wasveryhedescriptivestatisticsfortheFLeanscoreof108。26,withtheminimumscoreof51andmaximumof163(SD=19。777)。

IodevelopagehelevelofahispopulationinparisonwithotherpopulationsofuudesobtaihepreviousstudieswhichusedtheFLeasurestudents’levelsofayfrom2000onwardswereexamiable3)。

Table3showsthatthemeanFLCASscoreobtaistudywashigherthanthatiudies。Basedonthisobservationonly,itersuasivetocludethispopulatioswasmostanxiousaboutstudyingEnglishparedtootherpopulationsofstudents。Infact,itwasfoundthatthedegreeofagreemeweenreviewerswaslargerwhea-analysisthanwhendoinganarrativerevie;Gambara,2006;p;Rosenthal,1980)。Therefore,ameta-analysiserformedwhiparedthemeanandstaionoftheFLedistudywiththoseiudieswithparabledata。ExceptforthedataiudybyMarasandGarau(2009)aafromtheKoreastakiionKim’s(2009)study,wheretherewerenosignifitdifferend(p。05),themeanFLCASscoresforalloftheotherstudiesweresignifitlylowerthanthatinthisstudy(p

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