Text A Economics Market and Organization（第2页）

5。AheNatureandSignifiice（1932）:Robbins’smostfamousbookahebest-writtenprosepieics。ThisbooksRobbins’sfamousall-enpassiionofeiicsisthescewhichstudieshumanbehaviorasarelatioweengivenendsandsswhichhavealternativeuses。”Rhtliiveandnormativeissues，aheeistquaeistshouldbestudyingwhatisratherthanwhatoughttobe。Hebelievedthateicsisasystemoflogicaldedufirstprindticalaboutthefeasibilityandusefulnessofempiricalverifi。

6。miics:Thebranicswhichdealswiththeeicbehaviorofindividualers，firms，andihedistributionoftotalprodudihem。Itsidersindividualsbothassuppliersofland，labor，anddastheultimateersofthefinalproduditexaminesfirmsbothassuppliersofprodudasersoflaborandcapital。Miicsseekstoaorothermeismsthatestablishrelativepriggoodsandservidallocatesociety’srestheirmanypossibleuses。Themodelshavebeeopoliticsbywritersiioion。

&R。Holmstr?m:bornin1949，thePaulA。SamuelsonProfessorofE。I。T。HegothisPh。D。fromtheGraduateSchoolofBusianfordUy。Holmstr?misparticularlyfamousforhisworkoivesuriation。

&irole:bornin1953，aFrenchprofessorofei2014hewasawardedtheNobelMemorialPrizeinEicesforhisanalysisofmarketpoweraionofnaturalmonopolies。Hefoindustrialanizatioheory，bankingandfinandeidpsychology。

9。Handbookanization:anacademidbookpublishedbyNorthHollandinlate199asasource，refereeagsupplementfanization，thebroadfieldwithinmiicsthatfobusinessbehavioranditsimpliarketstrudprodforpublicpoliciestowardsthem。

&heRalphandDorothyKellerDistinguishedServieritusofEicsattheBoothSchoolofBusiness，UyofChicago。HeservesoorialboardsofseveralacademialsandontheicAdvisersoftheAmeriterpriseInstitute。Hisresearchhasfoissuesrelatedtotheiweenthepublicsedtheprivateey，ingtheregulationofbanking，automobilesafety，pharmaceutiovatioveriyofpublicedudtheeialysisislators。

&ionsf

1。Inwhatwaysdoesthispassageimproveyofthemoderneicsystem?

2。Ioryofeics，therearemanyschoolsofthoughts，aswellasseveralrevolutionsofeicparadigm。Howmanyhaveyouheardof?

3。Likeastist，astudieshumahroughstifiascesaid，“teachaparrottheterms‘supplyanddemand’aa。”Whatdoyouthinkabouteicsassoce?

4。Howimportantdoyouthinkrationalityistoourdailybehaviors?Whatdoesthehypothesisofratioheeicstudy?

5。Inrealey，whatrolesdovers，householdsandfirmsplayrespectively?

6。Whatarethesimilaritiesanddifferenart，IKEA，FordMotorandAmazonallfirms?

7。Thephilosophyofempiricismhaslongbeeninfluenicsgreatly，whiclassifiedintopositiveandements。Whatdoyouthihodologies?Andhowdoyouhahem?

8。Inwhatwaysdanizatioheeyintermsofefficy?Doyouthinkahierarchicalstructurehelpstocopewiththeinefficycausedbyindividualrationality?

9。Coolidgesays，thebusinessofAmericaisbusidoyouthinkofit?

After-readingAssig

OralWork

&hedifferentresearaidmiidthinkhowtheseareasaredifferentbutected。Presentyourideastoyourclass。

2。Inaneillionsofbusinessesandersengageinvoluntarytrade，ioimprovetheirowneicsituations，aionsareinvisiblyatedbyasystemofpridmarkets。Pleasefioillustratewhoareisresponsiblefthedearketey?Shareyswithyroupmembers。

&susuallyfindthatmanyeicpolidrelatedprocessaredifferentfromwhattheysuggestandassumeineicstheories。Exploretheeyinretyearsandfioshohytheoryandpolicyarediffereheresultstoyourclass。

&sliketuewitheachother。Therearemanymarvelousclashesofideasioryofeics。GeeBernardShawsays，“Ifalleistswerelaideheywouldnotrea。”Findouthoweistsdifferierpretatioerplus”eyandshareyswithyourclassmates。

WrittenWork

1。Usually，eiststrytolearnaboutthecharacteristics，deffectsofobservedphehroughfivesteps，whichare1）initialobservation，2）the，3）identifiofadditionalimplis，4）furtherobservatioiofthetheory。Wouldyoufollowtheabovemethodaosomebusinessaffairsoncampus?Writeabusinessresearchreporttorecordtheprodresultsofyourresearch。

2。Gotoamarketandinterviewsomebuyersandsellers，orvisitsettoknowabouttheirproducts，sales，andprofitability。ortonthisfieldresearyourreport，stateclearlyhowyourresearchhelpsyouuaaineiciples，suization，izationandutilitymaximization。

3。Hownecessarydoyouthinkitisforapersontohavesomeknowledgeofeitoday’ssociety?Writeaiveessayinsupportoftheyofbasiceduicsforall。

&turymodelofshareeybringsbothgesandopportuhemarketaswellastofirms。Writeahesharingey。Youusebooksinyourlibraryforyourreferendyouuseyourownexperieoillustratethisnewmodelofey。