Text B Social Compact and Law（第2页）

[5]Theclausesofthistraiureoftheactthattheslightestmodifiakethemvaiive;sothat，althoughtheyhaveperhapsneverbeenformallysetforth，theyareeverywherethesameaacitlyadmittedandreized，until，oionofthesopact，eashishtsauralliberty，whilelosiioyinfavorofwhiou。

[6]Theseclauses，properlyuood，mayberedue—thetotalalienationofeachassociate，togetherwithallhisrights，tothewholeunity;for，iplace，aseachgiveshimselfabsolutely，thesarethesameforall;and，thisbeingso，noonehasainmakingthemburdehers。

[7]Moreover，thealiehoutreserve，theunioasitdnoassociatehasanythiodemand:for，iftheindividualsretaiainrights，astherewouldbenooodecidebetweehepublic，eagohisownjudge，wouldasktobesooeofhusue，aionwouldnecessarilybeeiyrannical3。

[8]Finally，eagivioall，giveshimselftonobody;andasthereisnoassohedoesnotacquirethesamerightasheyieldsothersoverhimself，hegaifheloses，andanincreaseofforceforthepreservationof>

[9]Ifthenwedisthesopactwhatisnotofitsessence，weshallfindthatitreducesitselftothefollowingterms:

[10]“Eachofusputshispersonandallhispowerinohesupremedireofthegeneralwill，and，inourcorporatecapacity，wereceiveeachmemberasaniofthewhole。”

[11]Atonplaceoftheindividualpersonalityofeatragparty，thisactofassocreatesamoralaivebody，aheassemblysvotes，andregfromthisaity，itsoslifeanditswill。Thispubli，soformedbytheunionofallotherpersoookthey，andofRepublicorbodypolitic4;itiscalledbyitsmembersStatewhenpassive，Sive，andPowerwheherslikeitself。Thosewhoareassoittakecollectivelythenameofpeople，andseverallyarecalleds，assharinginthesnpower，as，asbeihelawsoftheState。Butthesetermsareofteakeher:itisenoughtoknowhowtodistiheyarebeihpre。

Law

[12]Bythesopactwehavegiventhebodypolitidlife;wehaveiomovementandwill。Finalactbywhichthebodyisformedailliermioughttodoforitspreservation。

[13]Whatiswellandinitywith5orderissobythehingsalyofhumaions。AlljustiGod，whoisitssolesource;butiftoreceivesohighaninspiration，weshouldhergovernorlaws。Doubtless，thereisauiatingfrom6reasohisjustiittedamongus，mustbemutual。Humanlyspeakiofnaturalsans，thelawsofjustieffeen:theymerelymakefoodofthewidtheundoi，whemaowardseverybodyandnobodyobservesthemtowardshim。sandlawsarethereforehtstodutiesaicetoitsobjethestateofnature，whereeverythingisohingtohimromisednothing;Ireizeasbelongingtoothersonlywhatisofome。Ieofsocietyallrightsarefixedbylaw，andtheesdifferent。

[14]Butwhat，afterall，isalaw?Aslongasweremaitagpurelymetaphysical7ideastotheword，weshallgwithataanding;andwhenwehavedefinedalawofnature，weshallbehedefinitionofalawoftheState。

[15]Ihavealreadysaidthatthereogeneralwilldirectedtoaparticularobject。SuustbeeitherwithinoroutsidetheState。Ifoutside，awillwhichisalientoitotbe，ioit，general;ifwithin，itispartoftheState，andinthatcasetherearisesarelatioweewhichmakesthemtws，ofwhichthepartisohewholemiheother。Butthewholeminusapartotbethewhole;ahisrelatiohereowhole，butonlytarts;anditfollowsthatthewillofoneisnolongerigeneraliotheother。

[16]Butwhenthewholepeopledecrees8forthewholepeople，itisgonlyitself;aionistheisbetectsoftheehanydivisionofthewhole。Inthatcasethematteraboutwhichthedecreeismadeis，likethedegwill，gehisactiswhatIcallalaw。

[17]WhenIsaythattheobjectoflawsisalwaysgeneral，Imeanthatlawsiderssubjemasseandatheabstraeveraparticularpersonora。Thusthelawmayithereshallbeprivileges，butonanybodybymaysetupseveralclassesofs，andevenlaydownthequalifibershipoftheseclasses，butitinatesudsusasbelongimayestablishamoveraary10su，butitotchooseaking，ornominatearoyalfamily。Inaword，nofunarticularobjegstothelegislative11power。

[18]Oogerbeaskedwhosebusiistomakelaws，sisofthegeneralwill;heprinceisabovethelaw，sinceheisamemberoftheState;helawjust，sineisunjusttohimself;norhowwebebothfreeahelaws，siregistersofourwills。

[19]Weseefurtherthat，asthelawunitesuyofwillwithuyofobject，whataman，whoeverhebe，andsofhisownmotionotbealaw;aheSnandsarticularmatterisnalaw，butisadeaotnty，butofmagistracy。

[2ivetheoeveryStatethatisgovernedbylaws，heformofitsadministrationmaybe:foronlyinsuchacasedoesthepubliterestgovern，andtherepubliksasareality。Everylegitimategoverisrepubli;whatgoverisIwillexplainlateron。

[21]Laerlyspeaking，oionsofcivilasso。Thepeople，beihelaws，oughttobetheirauthor:thesofthesocietyoughttulatedsolelybythosewhoetogethertoformit。Buthowaretheytulatethem?Isittobebyent，byasuddeninspiration?Hasthebodypolititodeclareitswill?Whogiveitthefhttoformulateandasinadvance?Orhowisittoaheminthehourofneed?Howdmultitude，whidoesnotknoills，becauseitrarelyknowswhatisgoodforit，carryoutforitselfsogreatanddiffiterpriseasasystemoflegislatiohepeoplewillsalwaysthegood，butofitselfitbynomeansalwaysseesit。Thegeneralwillisalwaysi，butthejudgmentwhichguidesitisnotalwaysemustbegottoseeobjectsastheyare，aimesastheyoughttoappeartoit;itmustbeshownthegoodroaditisinsearchof，sethesedufluendividualwills，taughttoseetimesandspacesasaseries，aoweightheattrasofpresentandseagesagainstthedaantandhiddeheindividualsseethegoodtheyreject;thepublicwillsthegooditdoesandequallyinneedofguidaheformermustbepelledttheirwillsintoitywiththeirreasoermustbetaughttoknoills。Ifthatisdone，publilighteheunioandingandwillinthesocialbody:thepartsaremadetoworkexactlytogether，andthewholeisraisedtoitshighestpower。Thismakesalegislatornecessary。

Notes

1。paedwritteweentwoormoreparties（nations）toperformsomea

2。iive:（rule，priax）doesnotworkanymoreoradetowork

3。tyrannieonewhoissevereorunfairtoeoplethatheshehasauthoveractswithoutgthewishesofitspeopleahemcruellyorunfairly

4。bodypolitic:apoliticallyanizedbodyofpelegover

5。initywith:agto;ih

6。toemainatefrom

&aphysical:relatiaphysics，highlyabstradoverlytheoretical

8。deofficialorderorde，espeadebytherulerofatry

9。monarchical:ruledbythesupremepwithamonarch