Text B Science and Religion（第1页）

TextBSdReligion

&ein

Pre-reading

&ein（1879-1955）wasaGermaicalphysicist。Hedevelopedthegeheoryofrelativity，owopillarsofmodernphysigsidequantummeistein’sworkisalsoknownforitsihephilosophyofssteiknowninpopularass-energyequivalenulaE=mc2。Hereceivedthe1921NobelPrizeinPhysicsforhis“servicestotheoreticalphysiparticularhisdiscoveryofthelawofthephotoelectriceffect，apivotalstepiionofquantumtheory。

&eihaificpapersalongwithover150ificworks。Eiellectualatsandinalityhavemadetheword“Einstein”synonymouswith“genius”。

ThefollowingessayisfromSce，Philosion，ASymposium，publishedbytheSce，PhilosioioicWayofLife，InewYork，1941。

Promptsf

1。HowdoesEinsteindefine“sce”?

2。WhatcharacterizestheaspiratiiousperstoEinstein?

3。HowdoesEihatsdreligioworealmsclearlymarkedofffromeachother?Andinwhatwaysaretheyinreciproterdepeionships?

4。Whatisthemaihepresent-dayflictsbetweenthespheresionandsce?

5。Uceswillstificmethodfailus?

&eihedoewithscouldberefutedbysce?Whyorwhynot?

7。HiousteachersreizethatreligionobledandmademoreprofouifiowledgeagtoEinstein?

8。WheredoessteritsgreatestsuccessagtoEinstein?Inwhatwaydoyouthinksemancipatepeople?

&ei“ahumbleattitudeofmindtrandeurofreasious，iseheword”。Howdoyouuandahiswords?

&eihepathtogeyliesthrafterrationalknowledge”。Howdoyouuandahiswords?

[1]Itwouldnotbediffietoaowhatweuandbysceisthetury-oldeetherbymeansofsystematicthoughttheperceptiblephehisworldintanassoaspossible。Toputitboldly，itistheattemptattheposteriorrestruofexisteheprocessofceptualization。ButwhenaskireligionisIotthinkoftheanswersoeasily。Aerfindingananswerwhichmaysatisfymeatthispartient，IstillremaiIeverunderanygtogether，eventoaslightextesofallthosewhohavegiveionserioussideration。

[2]Atfirst，then，insteadofaskingwhatreligionisIshouldprefertoaskwhatcharacterizestheaspirationsivesmetheimpressionious:apersonwhiouslyenlighteometobeonewhohas，tothebestofhisability，liberatedhimselffromthefettersofhisselfishdesiresandispreoccupiedwiththoughts，feelings，andaspirationstowhigsbecauseoftheirsuperpersoseemstomethatortantistheforceofthissuperpersohedepthofthegitsmeaningfulness，regardlessoftismadetouhistwithadivineBeing，forotherwiseitwouldnotbepossibletotBuddha1andSpiniouspersonalities。Agly，areligiouspersohesehehasnodoubtofthesigihosesuperpersosandgoalswhieitherrequirenorarecapableofrationalfoundatiohthesameyanessashehimself。Inthissensereligionistheage-oldendeavorofmankindtobeedpletelysciousofthesevaluesandgoalsandtlyttheheireffeeceivesionandsceagtothesedefinitionsthenaflithemappearsimpossible。Forsoainwhatis，butnotwhatshouldbe，asdomaisofallkindsremainnecessary。Religioherhand，dealsoionsofhumanthoughtanda:itotjustifiablyspeakoffadrelatioweenfacts。Agtothisihewell-knownflictsbetweenreligiohepastmustallbeasisapprehensioionwhichhasbeendescribed。

[3]Forexample，aflictariseswhenareligiousunityinsistsoetruthfulnessofallstatementsretheBible。Thismeaioionintothesphereofsce;thisiswherethestruggleoftheChurstthedalileoandDarwinbelongs。Oherhaivesofsadeaoarriveatfualjudgmentswithrespecttovaluesahebasisofstificmethod，andinthiswayhavesetthemselvesinoppositiioshaveallsprungfromfatalerrors。

[4]houghtherealmsiohemselvesareclearlymarkedofffromeachother，hereexistbetweerongreciprocalrelationshipsahiowhichdetermihas，heless，learnedfromsthebroadestsemeanswilltributetotheattaihegoalsithassetup。Butsohhlyimbuedirationtowardtruthaanding。Thissourceoffeeling，hsfromthesphereion。Tothistherealsobelohinthepossibilitythattheregulationsvalidfortheworldofexisteional，thatis，preheoreason。Iceiveofagehoutthatprofoundfaith。Thesituationmaybeexpressedbyanimage:scewithionislame，religionwithoutsd。

[5]ThoughIhaveassertedabovethatintruthalegitimateflireligionaexist，Imusthelessqualify3thisassertiononoialpoint，withrefereualtofhistions。ThisqualifihastodowiththeceptofGtheyouthfulperiodofmankind’sspiritualevolutionhumanfaedgodsinman’sownimage，who，bytheoperationsoftheirwillweresupposedtodetermiaoihephenomenalworld。Mansoughttoalterthedisposition4ofthesegodsinhisownfavorbymeansofmagidprayer。TheideaofGodiaughtatpresentisasublimation5ofthatoldceptofthegods。Itsanthropomorphic6characterisshown，forihefactthatmeheDivineBeinginprayersahefulfillmentoftheirwishes。

[6]ainly，willdenythattheideaoftheexisten，a7personalGodisabletoaansolace，help，andguidance;also，byvirtueofitssimplicityitisaccessibletothemostundevelopedmind。But，oherearedecisiveweakachedtothisideainitself，aisihebeginningofhistory。Thatis，ifthisbeingisomheneveryogeveryhumana，everyhumanthought，andeveryhumanfeelingandaspirationisalsoHiswork;howisitpossibletothinkofholdingmenrespoheirdeedsandthoughtsbeforesualmightyBeing?IngivingoutpuandrewardsHewouldtoaextentbepassionHimself。Howthisbebihegoodnessandrighteousnessas?

[7]Themaihepresent-dayflictsbetweenthespheresionandofsthisceptod。Itistheaimofscetoestablishgeneralruleswhichdetermihereciproeofobjedeventsintimeaheserules，orlawsofelygeneralvalidityisrequired—ismainlyaprogram，andfaithinthepossibilityofitsaentinprincipleisoialsuccesses。Buthardlyanyonecouldbefoundwhowoulddeialsudascribethemtohumaiohatonthebasisofsuchlawsredictthetemporalbehaviorofphenomeaindomainsredtyisdeeplyembeddedintheessofthemoderhoughhemayhavegraspedverylittleofthetsofthoselaws。Heneedonlysiderthatplaarycourseswithinthesolarsystemmaybecaladvahgreatexathebasisofalimitednumberofsimplelaws。Inasimilarway，thoughnotwiththesamepre，itispossibletocaladvahemodeofoperatioricmotor，atransmissionsystem，orofaaratus，eveha。

[8]Tobesure，whentheintoplayinaphenomenologiplexiste，stifiostcasesfailsus。Ohiher，inrediforafewdaysaheadisimpossible。helesshatwearetedwithaionohemainknowntous。Othisdomaihereachofexactpredibecauseofthevarietyoffaoperation，notbecauseofanylackoforderinnature。

[9]eedfarlessdeeplyiiesobtainingwithintherealmoflivingthings，butdeeplyehelesstoseheruleoffixedy。Ohiiheredity，aofpoisons，asforinstancealthebehavianigs。Whatisstilllaghereisagraspofsey，butnotaknowledgeoforderinitself。

[10]Themoreamaheularityofalleventsthefirmerbeeshisthatthereishesideularityforcausesofadifferentnature。Forhimheruleofhumannortheruleofdiviasaaturalevehedoewithseverberefuted，intherealsense，bysce，forthisdoalwaystakerefugeinthosedomainsinwhitifiowledgehasosetfoot。

[11]ButIampersuadedthatsuchbehaviorooftherepresentativesionwouldnotohybutalsofatal。Foradoewhichisabletomaiibutonlyinthedark，willofyloseitseffeankind，withincalculableharmtress。Irugglefortheethicalgood，teachersionmusthavethestature9togiveupthedoeod，thatis，giveupthatsourceoffearandhopewhithepastplacedsuchvastpowerinthehandsofpriests。IntheirlaborstheywillhavetoavailthemselvesofthoseforcesableofgtheGood，theTrue，aifulinhumahisis，tobesure，amoredifficultbutaninparablymoreworthytask。（ThisthoughtisglypreseSamuel’sbook，BeliefandA。）Afterreligiousteaplishtherefiningprodicatedtheywillsurelyreizewithjionhasbeenennobledandmademoreprofouifiowledge。

[12]Ifitisohegioemankindasfaraspossiblefromtheborigs，desires，andfears，stifigaidreligiohersehoughitistruethatitisthegoalofscetodiscoverruleswhichpermittheassodfoffacts，thisisnotitsonlyaim。Italsoseekstoreduiohesmallestpossibleuallyiceptualelements。Itisinthisstriviionalunifianifoldthatitesgreatestsuccesses，eventhoughitispreciselythisattemptwhichcausesittreatestriskoffallioillusions。Butwhoeverhasuenseexperienceofsuccessfuladvahisdomainismovedbyprofouherationalitymademaience。Bywayoftheuandingheachievesafar-reatheshacklesofpersonalhopesaherebyattainsthathumbleattitudeofmindtrandeurofreasoniendwhiitsprofouhs，isioman。Thisattitude，hoearstometious，iseheword。Andsoitseemstomethatsotonlypurifiesthereligiousimpulseofthedross10ofitsanthropomorphismbutalsotributestiousspiritualizationofoflife。

[13]Thefurtherthespiritualevolutionofmankihemoreitseemstomethatthepathtogeydoeshroughthefearoflife，andthefearofdeath，andblindfaith，butthrafterratiohissehatthepriestmustbeeateacherifhewishestodojusticetohisloftyeduission。

Notes

1。Buddha:佛陀

2。Spinoza:斯宾诺莎，荷兰哲学家