Comprehensive Work（第2页）

ExampleV:

Joe:MatogotoNewYork。Itisalldpollution。

Sam:Notallofit。

&is。EverytimeIwatewstheyarealwaysshowieskyscrapers，andlotsofpollution。

Sam:Sure，thatiswhatthenewsshows，butalotofNewYorkisfarmlandsaisnotallNewYorkCity，itjustreceivesmostoftheattention。

2）Matchthefalliciesabovewiththeirnames。

①FalseDilemmaisafallaersohefollowingpattern”:

&herclaimXistrueorclaimYistrue（whenXandYcouldbothbefalse）。

ClaimYisfalse。

ThereforeclaimXistrue。

②Spotlightfallaittedersonuncriticallyassumesthatallmembersorcasesofaclassortypearelikethosethatreceivethemostattentieihisline”hasthefollowingform:

XswithqualityQreceiveagreatdealofattentieinthemedia。

ThereforeallXshavequalityQ。

③MisleadingVividnessisafallawhichaverysmallicularlydramatitsaretakentooutweighasignifitofstatistice。Thiss”hasthefollowingform:

DramaticorvivideventXodisnotinaccordwiththemajorityofthestatistice）。

ThereforeeventsoftypeXarelikelytooccur。

④BurdenofProofisafallawhichtheburdenofproofisplathewroherversionoalackofevidenceforsideAistakentobeevidenceforsideBinwhichtheburdenofproofactuallyrestsonsideB。AeforthisisaoIghisstypicallyhasthefollowingform:

ClaimXispresentedbysideAandtheburdenofproofactuallyrestsonsideB。

SideBclaimsthatXisfalsebecausethereisnoproofforX。

⑤GuiltbyAssoisafallaersosaclaimsimplybecauseitispoihatpeopleshedislikesaccepttheclaim。Thiss”hasthefollowingform:

ItispoihatpersolikeacceptclaimP。

ThereforePisfalse。

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