弗吉尼亚权利法案 Virginia Declaration of Rights（第1页）

弗吉尼亚权利法案Virgiihts

乔治·梅森GeeMason

乔治·梅森（1725—1792），一位历史人物，他在两百多年前为美国的独立做出了重要贡献。最近，一座乔治·梅森的坐式铜像在美国首都华盛顿市中心树立起来，以纪念这位以倡导人权、促成被称为人权法案的美国宪法修正案的通过而名垂青史的政治家、思想家。

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&hesenewwordsbeforeyoureadthisarticle。

1。amenable[?'mi:n?b?l]adj。易控制的，顺从的；愿接受的

2。maladministration['m?l?d，minis'trei??n]n。暴政，乱政

3。militia[m?'l???]n。民兵组织，民兵

4。magistrate['m?d?istrit]n。地方法官，治安官

5。desdible[di'send?bl]adj。可遗传的

IThatallmeureequallyfreea，aais，ofwhitheyeoastateofsociety，theyot，byanypact，depriveordivesttheirposterity;heeoflifeahthemeansandpossessiy，andpursuingandobtaininghappinessay。

IIThatallpowerisvestedin，alyderivedfrom，thepeople;thatmagistratesaretheirtrusteesas，andatalltimesamehem。

IIIThatgoveris，httobe，iheoedsecurityofthepeople，nationorunity;ofallthevariousmodesandfoverisbest，whichiscapablethegreatestdegreeofhappinessayandismosteffectuallysecuredagainstthedangerofmaladministration;andthat，wheneverashallbefoueortrarytothesepurposes，amajorityoftheunityhathanindubitable，unalienable，andindefeasiblerighttoreform，alterorabolishit，insuerasshallbejudgedmostducivetothepublic>

IVThatnomaofmeoexclusiveorseparateemolumentsesfromtheunity，butiionofpublicservices;whiotbeingdesdible，heoffiagistrate，legislatebehereditary。

VThatthelegislativeaivepowersofthestateshouldbeseparateanddistinthejudid，thatthemembersofthetwofirstmayberestrainedfromoppressionbyfeelingandpartigtheburthensofthepeople，theyshould，atfixedperiods，bereducedtoaprivatestatioothatbodyfromwhichtheywereihevaciesbesuppliedbyfrequeain，andregularelewhichall，oranypartoftheformermembers，tobeagaineligible，ible，asthelawsshalldirect。

VIThateleberstoserveasrepresehepeopleinassemblyoughttobefree;andthatallmen，havingsuffitevideoh，andattamuherighteandotbetaxedordeprivedoftheirpropertyforpublicuseswithouttheirowhatoftheirrepresentativessoeleorboundbyanylawtowhichtheyhavenot，inlikemaed，forthepublicgood。

VIIThatallpowerofsuspendinglaws，ortheexeoflaws，byanyauthoritywithouttoftherepresehepeopleisinjuriousthtsandoughtnottobeexercised。

VIIIThatinalliionsamanhatharighttodemandthednatureofhisatobetedwiththeadwitocallforevidenhisfavor，andtoaspeedytrialbyanimpartialjuryofhisviage，withoutwhoseunanimoustheotbefoundguilty，norhebepelledtogiveevidehimself;thatnomanbedeprivedofhislibertyexceptbythelawofthelandementofhispeers。

IXThatexcessivebailoughtnottoberequired，norexcessivefinesimposed;nordunusualpusinflicted。

XThatgeneralwarrants，wherebyanyermaybeaosearchsuspectedplaceswithoutevidenceofafaitted，ortoseizeanypersonamed，orwhoseoffeparticularlydesdsupportedbyevidence，aregrievousandoppressiveandoughted。

XIThatintrpropertyandiweenmanandmatrialbyjuryispreferabletoanyhttobeheldsacred。

XIIThatthefreedomofthepressisobulwarksoflibertyandeverberestraibydespotients。

XIIIThatawellregulatedmilitia，posedofthebodyofthepeople，traioarms，istheproper，natural，andsafedefenseofafreestate;thatstandiimeofpeace，shouldbeavoidedasdaoliberty;andthat，ihemilitaryshouldbeusubordinationto，andbegoverhecivilpower。

XIVThatthepeoplehavearighttoverherefore，thatseparatefrom，orihegoverinia，oughttobeerectedorestablishedwithihereof。

XVThatnoverheblessingsofliberty，bepreservedtoabyafirmadhereice，moderation，temperance，frugalityandvirtueareentalprinciples。

XVIThatreligioyetoourdthemannerit，bedirectedbyreasonand，notbyforceorvioleherefore，allmenareequallyehefreeexerciseitothedictatesofdthatitisthemutualdutyofalltopracticeforbearance，loveandcharitytowardseachother。