参考文献Sources and Bibliography（第2页）

esofRome，RavennaandthenRomeagaiher，TheFalloftheRomanEmpireandPierreCourcelle，HistoireLittérairedesGrandesInvasionsGermaniques（1948）。OhsenteredRomeandwhattheydidthere，aanalysisoftheprimarysourcesistobefoundinRalphW。Mathisen，‘RomaaGothisAlaricoducecaptaest，AAtsoftheSaein410JohannesLipps，adPhilippvonRummel（eds），TheSaein410AD，TheEvent，itsditsImpact（2013）。iceofdestrue，seeAntonellaCamaro，AlessandroDelfino，IlariadeLuenghini，‘NuovidatiarcheologiciperlastoriadelForodiCesaretralafinedelIVelametadelVseJohannesLipps，adPhilippvoheSaein410AD，TheEvent，itsditsImpact（2013）。iiohomesandanoverallassessmehesamevolume，RitangeliValenziaoaldatico。Ilsaccodel410attraversoladotaziica。

OuresoftheVisigothsseePeterHeather，TheGoths。OnAugustineofHippo’srespohesaieeSalzman，‘MemoryandMeaning。Pagansand410’inJohannesLipps，adPhilippvoheSaein410AD，TheEvent，itsditsImpact（2103）;alsoseePeterBrown，AugustineofHippo（1966）aher，TheFalloftheRomaherevivalofRomeafterthe410sackseeElioLoCascio，‘LapopolazionediRomaprimaedopoil410’inJohannesLipps，adPhilippvonRummel（eds），TheSaein410AD，TheEvent，itsditsImpact（2103）。

第三章　还是哥特人

Ⅰ

OnQueenAmalasueCooper，‘TheHeroiorian:ProcopiusofCaesariaarnofQueenAmalasuntha’inJonathanJ。Arnold，M。ShaneBjornlieandKristinaSessa（eds），ApaniothicItaly（2016）andalso，inthesamevolume，GerdaHeydemahi:IdeologiesandTransitions’。

OureoftheothsandpositionaialyseePeterHeather，‘TheGoths’（1996）and‘GensandRegnumamohs’iz，J。JarnutandW。Pohl（eds），RegheRelatioeAntiqueandEarlyMediaevalPeoplesandKingdomsiransformationoftheRomanWorld。

Ⅱ

Asthischapterdealswitheventsthatfollowrelativelysoohoseofthelast，thereissomeoverlapinsources。Forallaspectsofthefrastructure，buildiyandpopulationseeRichardKrautheimer，Rome，ProfileofaCity，312–1308（1980）;BertrandLaeAntiquity，EverydayLifeandUrbange，AD312–609，trans。AntoniaNewell（2000）;Bryanerkins，FromClassitiquitytotheMiddleAges，UrbanPubliginNortheraly，AD300–850（OxfordHistoriographs）（1984）;ie，Frometne，anArchaeologicalHistoryofItalyAd300–800（2006）aerLlewellyheDarkAges（1971）。

OntheVandalattae，seeAndyMerrillsandRichardMiles，TheVandals。lebyimperialauthoritiestopreserveReseeChristie。nandhisattemptstoshoreupRome’sinfrastrudtraditiohanJ。Arnold，TheodoridtheRomaoration（2014）。OntheschismbetaldidatesSymmadLaurentiusseeJeffreyRichards，ThePopesandthePapatheEarlyMiddleAges476–752（1979）。AlsoseeRichardsforTheiousdisputeswithByzantium，andJustiofPopeSilveriuswithPopeVigilius。Forimperial–papaldisputesseealsoLlewellyn。

Ⅲ

OicsofBelisarius，WitigisandTotila，seeE。A。Thompson:RomansandBarbarians:TheDeeoftheWesternEmpire（1982）。OngsthelogotheteaancesofByzayseeLlewellyn。Onbubonicplague，seeLesterK。Little（ed。），Plagueaiquity，thePandemicof541–750（2008）。OnJustianian’sfallingoutwithPopeVigiliusovertheThreeChaptersseeRiiseoftheothsseePeterHeather，TheGoths。Forthedemiseofbathing，seeerkinsandChristie。SeebothandalsoKrautheimerforthedemiseofRomaninstitutionsaionofclassicalbuildingsaschuriseoftheSenateandofRome’soldaristocracy，seeT。S。BrowlemenandOfficers:ImperialAdministrationandAristocratiByzaaly，AD554–800。

第四章　诺曼人

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H。E。J。Cowdrey:PoryVII1073–1085（1998）offersadetailedifuncrititn。AfullaesisbefoundinI。S。Robinsermany，1056–1106，（1999）。FortheriseuisdtheNormansialyseeG。A。Loud，TheAgeuiscard:SouthernItalyandtheNorma，（2000）;G。A。Loud，‘querorsandinNormanItaly’inVariorumCollectedStudiesseries，July1999，ahBaxterWoolf’sMakinghistory:TheNormaoriahtury（1995）。ThefullestinalofGeoffreyofMalaterra，TheDeedser，traerWoolf（2005）。

Ⅱ

RichardKrautheimer，Rome，ProfileofaCity，312–1308（1980）onisathisperiod。Foramoreuptodateatthatcoverseveryfae’stopography，population，politics，soyandrituals，andfromwhiydetailsinthischapteraredrawn，seeChrisWickham，MedievalRome:StabilityandCrisisofaCity，900–1150（2015）。ItisWiparestheChurerswithearlyRussiaionaries。Fiih-turyrevivalseeie，Frometne，anArchaeologicalHistoryofItalyAD300–800（2006）。DetailsontheMajorLitanyproarefromJosephDyer，‘RomanProajorLitany（litaheSixthtotheTwelfthturies’inRomaFelix–FormatioionsofMedievalRome，ed。éamáinandandeVegvar（2008）。

DebraBirch，PilgrimagetoRomeintheMiddleAges–uityandge（2000）offersadetailedandlivelyatofthesubjeedievalRomans’imagialesgthecity’sruih-turydesofthecity，MirabiliaUrbisRoma（TheMarvelsofRome）whianyclaims，reportsthatthatNoahlandedhisarkontheGianicoloHilltore-foundthehumahelikelycauseofthecollapseofhalfofthe’souterwallisfromDavidKarmon’sTheRuiernaltiquityaioninRenaissane（2011）。ForRomeiuriespriortotheNormahKrautheimeraerLlewellyheDarkAges（1971）。

&ionofwhichaqueduedwhenisdisBryanerkins’FromClassitiquitytotheMiddleAges，UrbanPubliginNortheraly，AD300–850（OxfordHistoriographs）（1984）andbyKatherihRiersofRome:AquedutaihoftheBaroqueCity（2010）。ForRomans’materialpossessiorier，‘MaterialLife’inDavidAbulafia（ed。），ItalyiralMiddleAges1000–1300（2esindisseeFabioParasecoli，AlDeoryofFoodinItaly（2014）。ForhealthandmedieseePatrier，HealthandMediearlyMediaevalSouthernItaly（1996）andalsoRobertSallares，MalariaaoryofMalariaialy（2002）。Rome’sJewishunityaioudelaareexaminedbyMarie-ThérèseeandRa’ananS。Boustan，‘WalkingintheShadowsofthePast:TheJewishExperieneiury’inLouisI。Hamilton（ed。），RiuryJews，sandMuslimsEernalCity（2011）。ForwomehisperiodseePatrier，Womenialy500–1200（2001）。Anxious（GehersworriedaboutianceareexamieininDavidAbulafia（ed。），TheFamilyinItalyiralMiddleAges1000–1300（2004）。

Ⅲ

&h-turywarfaresee:J。F。VerbruggeofWarfareierheMiddleAges（1997）andPhilippeine，WarintheMiddleAges，trans。Mies（1984）。Themostdetailedologyoftheplexeventsof1081–84remainsthatregovius:AHistoryofMediaevalRome，Vol。4，Part1，traon（1905）。ForananalysisofGuiscard’ssaeseeLouisI。Hamilton’sadhighlyenjoyable‘Memory，SymbolandArson:WasRomesa1084?’inSpeculumXXVIII，April2003，whichmyatcloselyfollows。Fordetailsonthe1300JubileeandRome’sdeeduringtheAvignonyearsseeRichardKrautheimer，Rome，ProfileofaCity，312–1308（1980）。OnhowRomaopreservetheirclassicalpasthelpediheirdriveforaeofthepopesseeDavidKarmon，TheRuiernaltiquityaioninRenaissane（2011）。

第五章　西班牙人和路德宗信徒

Ⅰ

Fortheclaveof1523seeHerbertM。Vaughan，TheMediciPopes，（19Pastor，AHistoryofthePopes，VolumeIX，AdrianVIarans。RalphFrancisKerr，（1923）。Thebestatoftheeventsleadinguptothe1527sack，thesackitselfanditsaftermath，onwhichthischapterhasdrawails，isJudithHook’sTheSae（1972）。AndréChastell，TheSae，1527（1983）examifromaculturalandartistigle。EricRussell，TheSae（1979）hlyeainingiflessreliablenarrative。OVIIandMigeloseeWilliamE。Wallace，‘tVIIandMigelo:AnAnatomye’，a’smusitsseeRichardSherr，‘tVIIandtheGoldehePapalChoir’，bothihGouwensandSherylE。Reiss（eds），ThePontifientVII:History，Politics，Culture（2005）。OnLeoX’sjailingoffivealsseeKateHowe，‘ThePoliticalCrimeofspiraFifteenthauryRome’inTrevorDeanandK。J。P。Howe（eds），Crime，SodtheLawinRealy（1994）。OnthecausesofthedukeofUrbiheMedidforhisroleisseeCecilH。Clough，‘tVIIandFranariadellaRovere，DukeofUrbihGouwensandSherylE。Reiss（eds），ThePontifientVII:History，Politics，Culture（2005）。OnRenaissancewarfareiaylorTheArtofWarinItaly1494–1529（1921）。OerandriseofCharlesVseeWilliamMaltby，TheReignofCharlesV（2002）。