参考文献Sources and Bibliography02（第2页）

&hefullestaanRepublic’sstruggletosurviveremainsGeeMacaulayTrevelyan，Garibaldi’sDefeheRomanRepubliwhichmyatdrawsmaails。ForamorecritiationofGaribaldi’sroleseeRiall。ForanaittedlypartisanagainstPiusIX，ofevehefallofRome，seeLuigiCarloFariate，Volume4，BookVII，traone（1851）。FariheattackbythePapalpolidFrenchtroopsoo。AlsoseeBoltonKing，AHistoryofItalianUnity，beingapoliticalhistoryofItalyfrom1814to1854，VolumeI（1899）。SeealsoDenisMackSmith，Mazzini;MargaretFuller，TheseSadbutGloriousDays:DispatEurope，ed。LarryJ。ReynoldsandSusanBelasith（1991）;Roberth（ed。），LettersaretFullerVol。IV（1984）ahaus（ed。），TheRomanJournalsregorovius，trans。MrsGustavusW。Hamilton（1907）。Thefigureof20，000peoplefleeingRomeisfromChadwick。TheattempttoburndowntheQuirihedayPiusreturnedisfromMaryFrancisCusack，TheLifeandTimesofPopePiusIX（1878）。asworksonoseeMaguireandBosworth。

OntheassassinatiosagainstLouisNapoleonseeBresler。OnGaribaldi’svisittoEnglandseeDerekBeales，‘GaribaldiihePoliticsofItaliahusiasm’inJohnA。DavisandPaulGinsb（eds），SodPolititheAgeimento:EssaysinHonourofDenisMackSmith（1991）。Forthetsof‘VivaVerdi’seeStory。ForRomans’boydPiussendiiooscarehisparishioheRomanJournalsregorovius（above），8March1860。OnpapalrepressionseeOdoRussellinBlakistorineofPapalInfallibilityseeChadwidBosworth。OnPius’lastmonthsasrulerofRome，oureofthecitybyItaliahejourneyofPius’corpsetoSanLorehandDavidL。Kertzer，Prisoi:ThePopes，theKings，andGaribaldi’sRebelsiletoRuleModernItaly（2004）。

第七章　纳粹分子

Ⅰ

ForMussolihekihonyMajanlahtiaiGuerazzi，Romaoccupata，Itiini（2010）andNelloAjello，Lacaduta，‘IlandoaBadoglioèfatta’aVillaSavoiailResiliberadelduce，Repubblica25。07。2013。

&oftheFasdeetingisfromM。deWyss，RomeUerror（1945）。DeWyssisanelusivesourdalittleshouldbesaidaboutwhatisknown–orrathernotknown–abouther。Welaherfirstname。Herpublisher，RobertHaleLtd，London，saysonlythatsheis‘…aladywhowasiinuthelaststages{ofthewar}andwhohadreliablesourcesofextraordinaryinformatioailandaccuracyofheradtherapiditywithwhichthebookappeared–ayearafterRome’soended–suggestitisreliable，thoughhernameisprobablyapseudolydidnotwayknown）。FromthetextitisclearshehadalreadyexperienazioiionpriihespeedandthhigatioimesetriglishandherregulareotheSwissdiplomaticauthoritiesallsuggestshewasaSwissjournalistgthe>

ForthelifeofVittorioEmanueleIIIseeDenisMackSmith，ItalyanditsMonarchy（1992）。FortheUSbombingraidoember1943andRomaionsafterMussolini’sfallseeRobertKatz，FatalSileheResistaheGermanOe（2003）anddeWyss。OnthecareerofBadoglioseeGiovannideLuna，Badoglio:Uere（1974）。OnRome’slackofpreparednessforairattacksseeR。J。B。Bosworth，WhisperingeanditsHistories（2011）。

Ⅱ

ForallaspectsofLiberalRome，ingitsbuildingbooms，itsiesanditsmanystruoteitselfahepopes，seeBosworth，WhisperingCities。ForfurtherdetailsonLiberalRomeineffectualdevelopmentplansaionthatwasavoidedseeSpiroKostof，TheThirdRome，1870–1950，TraffidGlory（1973）。ForLane，andespeciallyforLiberals’remakingofRandapurposesseeBosworth。Forthepresen-CatholicchursideRome’swallsseeKostofandBosworth。ThedissideualwhodescribedtheVittorianoasa‘VespasianodiLusso，’ih）。AlsoseeBosworthforJewishpolitidgeneralsandfaribaldi’sproposalofaTiberal。

ForMussolini’slifeseeR。J。B。Bosworth，Mussolini（2002）andDenisMackSmith，Mussolini（1981）。OnRomans’initialiowardsFascismseeBosworth，WhisperingallaspectsofFascistdemolitiofRomeseeBordenW。Painter，Jr。Mussolini’sRtheEternalCity（2005）;SpiroKostof;Bosworth，WhisperingdalsoJoshuaArthurs，ExgModernity:TheRomanPastinFascistItaly（2012）。ForMussolini’sloathiourists’loveofthepicturesqueseeArthurs。FortheussoliionsintermsofhomeslostseePainter。Fide’sobservationsseeEmilioGealiaaiTempidiMussolini:Viaggioinpagniadiosservatoristranieri（2014）。ForalPallotta’scriticismsoftheideaofabroadroadleadingtoStPeter’sseeRichardKrautheimer，TheRomeofAlexanderVII，1655–1667（1985）。OnRome’sFasstrusseePainter。

OntheGILFasentseeEdwardR。TaheFascistExperiealiayandCulture（1972）。OnForoMussolierandBosworth，WhisperiheMostradellaRivoluzioaseeBosworth，PainterandRolandG。AhroughFascistItaly，AnEnglishHiker’sPilgrimage（1935）。OnFascism’searlyhostilitytowardstentile。OnMussolini’somers，inphotographsandentileandBosworth，WhisperingCities。AlsoseeBosworthfortheAnniFascisti，theFasdaraionwiththethesurvivisoftheGhettodegliIheillegalityoffaravelpossibilitiestoRomeseeKarlBaedeker，Romeaaly，HandbookforTravellers，sixteeion（1930）。

OnItalians’ingloyseeMassimoLivi-Bacci，AHistoryofItaliayDuriwoturies（1977）。Onthedopolavoroafter-wanization，Italy’smediaunderFasdiuallifeseeTannenbaum。OnhowFascistcorporationsandFascistwelfarefavouredtheloitedemployeesseealsoJonathaiethturyItaly:ASocialHistory（2002）。OnhowwelfarefundswereregularlyraidedbytheFasciststatetrasseeMariaSophiaQuialy’sSocialRevolution:dWelfarefromLiberalismtoFascism（2002）。OocratFascistmayorsseePainter。OneverydaylifeinthecasepopolariandRletokeepseeGianFranilleliraalmese:vitaquotidianadellafamigliaaliaFascista（1988）。ateseeQuiileahebarruchéseeBosworth，WhisperingCities。

OnFascism’sviewofwomenseePerryWillsowealy（2009）andalsoTannenbaumandQuine。Mussolini’sclaimthatworkakewomensterileisfromWillson。OnFascism’sapprovalofbrothelsseeDunnage。OnFascistrerolifitsandMussolini’sprohibitionofphotographsofwomenwithsmalldogsseeTannenbaum。OnthedangerofwomealoneandRome’slaight-timecultureseeGentile。OnFascistviolerolofItalians，interhefateoftheRomantinsmithRuggeriLeggiseeMichaelR。Ebner’sfasganalysisofhowthethreatofphysicethatalwaysunderlayFascism，OrdinaryViolenMussolini’sItaly（2011）。OonJewishlifeofthe1938RacialLawsseeEbnerandalsoMicheleSarfatti，TheJewsinMussolini’sItaly:FromEqualitytoPersedSusanZuccotti（2006）TheItaliansandtheHolocaust:Perse，ResdSurvival（1987）。OnongFascistofficials，theirasofsexualimmaiherandthediminishingsuccessofFascistpropagandaseePauler’sfasgaudyofohemorereliablesourationatthistime–spiesinftheregimeofthestateofthenatioPartyandPopularOpinioninMussolini’sItaly（2012）。OnthefailureofFascism’sgreatprojectsseeLivi-Baenbaum，dQuiyofItaly’strolofAbyssiniaseeRikhurst，TheEthiopians，AHistory（1998）。OnFascism’sfailuretoinstillaisminItalians，Starace’smuch-loathedinnovations，Italians’ingapathyandthecoffeecrisisofseeFascistpropaganda’sfailuretopersuadeItalianwomenseeWillson。

OnHitler’s1938visittoRomeandalsoelJ。Hanley’sobservationsofthePiazzaVehedaywarwasdeclared，seePaialians’lathusiasmfermahewarseetheueofItaly’smilitaryin1940seeR。J。B。Bosworth，Mussolini’sItaly:LifeUorship（2005）。OnMussolini’sdisastrousreilitarytaseeDenisMackSmith，Mussolini。OntheFolgoreParachuteDivisionseeJohnBiermanandith，Alamein，WarWithoutHate（2002）。OlinebeiwonepairofbootsandthefiionofEmpireDayseedeWyss。OhirdandfinalMostradellaRivoluzioaseePainter。

Ⅲ

AdhighlydetailedatofthelasthoursoftheBadimeandthefallermanforbefoundinClaudioFracassi，LaBattagliadiRome（2014）。Detailsofthetwenerals’diheirmeetingwithBadoglioarefromFracassi，asarethemeetingoftheking’scilattheQuiriheflightofthekingandhismiheaveItaliaaliaanoaoGermaoryoftheItalianofficerwhodesertedhistroopstohisracehorsesisfromM。deWyss。MotherMary，anotherioftheseevents，isalsoratherelusive，iflesssothandeWyss。HerasideRomewiththeGermansublishedin1945uhepseudonymofJaneSeranditwasonlysomedecadeslaterthatshewasrevealedtobeanAmeriRome，MotherMaryStLuke，whowaslivingifarfromViaVeo。

OnthefallofRomeandthebeginniioz，FatalSilehejokeabouttouristsaueofMosesisfromAlexaille，Berayal:FiveItalianJewishFamiliesunderFascism（1991）。Stille’sinsightfulaoftheseterribletimesierletosurvivebymembersoftheRomanDiVerolifamily。OnthegoldransomdemandedofRome’sJews，thetheftofthesynagoguelibrariesaoroundupof16October，RobertKatz，BlackSabbath:AJhaCrimeAgainstHumanity（1969）offersafull，detailedandpowerfulat。ForthelikelihoodthatthegolddemandwasarusetoputtheJewsuardseealsoSusanZuderHisVeryWiidtheHoloItaly（2002）。OnlifeforJewishRomaheoandwarningsignored，ingbyGermandiplomats，seeStilleandalsoKatz。DebeeOctober16，1943shortlyaftertheliberationbutquotesiarefromthetranslatioelleGilson（2001）。OnKappler’sreportdetailinghowRomahwarttherouz，FatalSileailsofwhichCatholistitutionstookinJewsandwhats–ifany–theyrequiredseeZutheriseofPiusXIIaoNazismandtheHolocaustseeJohler’sPope，TheSecretHistoryofPiusXII（1999）。OionbyPrinzaPignatelliAragoz，FatalSileille。OnPius’lackofrespooroui，well，KatzFatalSilezBlackSabbath。OsbyGermandiplomatstosaveJewishRomaz（bothtitles）。

&iurgingtheRussianstohurryupisfromM。deWyss，asaretheatsermaailsofRome’sdegtransportandbricked-upshopsarefrombothdeWyssaheraidonRome’sFascistHQisfromdeWyss。OnthebadtoRomaaheGermansandattaansinDecember1944seeKatz，FatalSilence。AlsoseeKatzandalsodeWyssandMotherMaryforherrestridalsoraidsoablishmentsbyKog。OoseeStille。

OntheAnziolanding，thebombingraidsthatfollowed，thearrestsofRome’sresistandalsooomkinsandMalfatti’sinfatheriworkseeKatz，FatalSilenAlliedbombingofRomeseealsodeWyssandMotherMary。OntheViaRasellabombandtheensuiinamassacreseeRobertKatz，FatalSilemynarrativefollows。OrutedwithVatidkeepiifoodtruary。OnGeneralClark’sdashforRomeseeKatz，FatalSilenaioyseeMotherMary。

后记

ForRomans’TwitterrepliestoISISseeLaRepubblica，21February2015