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第112章 快消失的四川方言 赚头(第1页)

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四川方言“赚头”一词,两个词义,如今都很少听到了,可能个别地区口语还在说,属于快消失的方言词汇。赚头词义一、做买卖所得的利润《二十年目睹之怪现状》第20回:“他有了四百的赚头,怕他不卖么!”《地府志》第29回:“他满心吴福海给阎王把赔款筹齐交付,他便可扣去他的赚头。”《负曝闲谈》第15回:“此番到了上海,卖了两颗金刚钻,已经归了本,余下的多是赚头了。”“赚头”的“头”,是四川方言一种特殊构词法,用在动词后面做词缀,用以表达其使动的价值。赚头:赚到的价值,即利润。如:这件衣服这个价钱卖给你,没有赚头。学头:学的价值,如:英语莫得学头。看头:看的价值,如:电影莫得看头。其他还有「吃头」、「搞头」、「争头」、「做头」、「讨论头」、「复习头」等常用语,不再一一举例。“赚头”在如今日常生活口语举例。顾客:老板,再少点嘛?店老板:就这个价钱卖给你,我都莫得啥子赚头了。这个例子大概是“赚头”还在使用的少有语境,如今也多表达为“莫得钱赚”、“我都是亏起在卖了”等,通过更惨的处境赢取顾客的可怜达到销售的目的。赚头词义二、猪舌头蚀舌同音,为避讳,故四川部分地区称牲畜舌头为赚头,主要指猪舌头。还有部分地区称“利子”。“利子”或为“脷子”,客家人带到四川的词汇;也可能和“赚头”一样,取“吉利”的“利”避讳“蚀”,时间久远已不容易考证。查“脷子”常用于粤、港、澳及闽南地区语言。典籍记载少部分地方把猪舌头也称“招财”,笔者未曾闻之。《光绪杨舍堡城志稿》卷6:猪舌曰赚头(“舌、蚀”声近,讳“蚀”为“赚”,市井俗忌也。查资料,“赚头”的上述两个词义,吴语如宁波方言中完全相同。如今,“赚头”的上述两个词义在四川方言中都很难听到了,有逐渐消失的趋势。【晚上】在四川的各种不同表达一、“晚上”在西南官话成渝片的表达晚些。词源∶元·佚名《渔樵记》第二折:“我儿也,休向嘴,晚些下锅的米也没有哩。”《水浒传》第二十五回:“你今日晚些归去,都不要发作,也不可露一些嘴脸,只做每日一般。”晚夕。词源∶唐·刘威《题许子正处士新池》诗:“那堪更到芙蓉折,晚夕香联桃李蹊。”元·王实甫《西厢记》第四本第二折:“前日晚夕,奶奶睡了,我见姐姐和红娘烧香,半晌不回来,我家去睡了。”文献中常见“早起”或“白日”与“晚夕”对举。晚黑。夜晚黑。晚周。黑晚些。黑晚周。黑了晚些。黑了晚周。其中,“黑了晚些/周”是部分地方爱用4个字表示一天的某个时间的表达方式。如∶早晨〈音sén〉→清早巴晨;晌午→晌午年间〈音gán〉。如果加定语,具体强调说某一晚,多用“晚黑”和“晚些”。如“昨晚黑”“今晚黑”“明晚黑”;“昨晚些”“今晚些”“明晚些”。二、“晚上”在四川湘方言岛的表达夜嘎。发音yāgā。夜黑。发音yāhā。三、“晚上”在四川客家话方言岛的表达暗晡。发音an?bu1,夜晡。发音ya?bu1:()那些即将消失的四川方言词汇

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