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- 第89章 厨房在过去民间四川方言的称谓都有哪些（第1页）
第89章 厨房在过去民间四川方言的称谓都有哪些（第1页）
章节目录保存书签
厨房，是指可在内准备食物并进行烹饪的房间。在四川民间，“厨房”这一称谓普遍使用的时间，大概不会超过30年。厨房名称的演变，一方面取决于经济水平的发展，另一方面也决定于当地的自然条件和居民的生活习惯。当乡村老百姓通过自己的奋斗，逐渐修建起新式的民居或乡村别墅，基本不再使用土灶，不再用柴火做燃料的时候，再加上普通话的推广，“厨房”这一称谓就开始流传开来，代替了过去的民间俗称。在四川民间，厨房过去的俗称，有灶屋、灶房、灶门间（灶门前、灶门先）等。灶屋《艺文类聚》卷八十《火部·灶》引晋挚虞《灶屋铭》:“大孝养志，厥次养形，事亲以敬，美过三牲。”宋·张君房《云笈七签》卷六十八《金丹部六·太上八景四蕊紫浆五珠降生神丹方一首》:“作灶屋，长四丈，南向，屋东头为户，屋南向为纱窗，屋中央作灶。”清·刘省三《跻春台》卷四《蜂伸冤》:“我知你心儿里爱走邪路，不想那油渣吃焉进灶屋。”灶房《英烈传》第六回:“昨日临睡时空空一个灶房，这柴那得许多?”清·刘省三《跻春台》卷一《哑女配》:“樊氏急到灶房一看，并无人影，一惊而醒。”又卷四《螺旋诗》:“把鸡煎好，陈忠至灶房谈叙，油罐挂在上面，闯得满头是油。”灶门间（灶门前qiān、灶门先）这个没有明确的词源考证，最后一个字的音都发阴平音，声母也有多种，估计是同一个字的语流音变，把jqx这组辅音声母用了个遍。过去农村灶台都是砌的土灶，灶门对着一般还有个柴膛，用于放置平时用的少量柴火。多的一般放在其他地方，有些人家也有专门的柴屋或柴房。犹记得当年我家的两个柴火灶台，外面煮饭炒菜，里面煮猪食。里面的灶，办宴席不够用才腾出来用。后来才有蜂窝煤，买的现成的圆形小蜂窝煤炉子，烧开水、蒸饭、炖煮食物等。到厨房烧火做饭菜等，称为上灶。宋·张师正《括异志》卷七《郭上灶》:“郭上灶者，不知何许人，天禧中，尝以备雇瀹汤涤器于州桥茶肆间。”以其煮汤涤器于茶肆，故名上灶。《清平山堂话本·快嘴李翠莲记》:“三日媳妇要上灶，说起之时被人笑。”《喻世明言》卷四:“因师弃世日近，不曾接得徒弟，止有两个烧香上灶烧火的丫头。”《醒世姻缘传》第五十五回:“我有甚么指使?只怕没人替你上灶。”旧时，差不多家家灶间都设有“灶王爷”神位，人们称这位尊神为“灶君司命”，传说他是玉皇大帝封的“九天东厨司命灶王府君”，负责管理各家的灶火，因而受到崇拜。又称灶神等，是中国传统民间信仰最普遍的神只之一。灶神是汉族民间最富代表性，最有广泛群众基础的流行神，寄托了汉族劳动人民一种辟邪除灾、迎祥纳福的美好愿望。灶神的祭祀在中国民间非常普遍，尤其是在农历腊月二十三日至除夕期间，灶神会上天陈报人家的善恶，因此人们会在小年这一日祭拜灶神，希望他“上天言好事，回宫降吉祥”。作为一个农村长大的70后，笔者一直认为，土灶前祭祀灶神，才是真正的民俗传统。如今看到一些在燃气灶前祭祀灶神的画面，总觉得有些不伦不类，你们觉得呢？：（）那些即将消失的四川方言词汇
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