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第181章 自鸣钟(第1页)

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王体乾之所以能够赌赢钱金,并知道说谎者悖论,完全是因为那个人。那个人是个传教士,也是他,让张老樵知道了,世界是圆的。利玛窦。利玛窦可不简单,一个意大利人,不远万里,来到中国,传播天主教,从万历十年起,直到万历三十八年在北京病逝,共在中国生活了二十八年。利玛窦在中国的传教是成功的,他的成功和三点密不可分。第一,因地制宜;第二,建立关系;第三,推崇科学。利玛窦在允许中国信徒信教的同时,并不反对中国信徒祭天、敬孔。他说,天主就是天主教的神,和中国的上帝本质上并没有什么区别,都是一个神,只是东西方的叫法不同而已。不仅如此,利玛窦还穿中国士人的服饰,给自己起了个字,西泰。利玛窦的这些行为,给他在中国士人圈中博得了很好的名声,像徐光启、李之藻都成了他的好友。在利玛窦的影响下,北京当时有近百位公卿大臣都信奉了天主教。利玛窦与徐光启还合译了欧几里德《几何原本》的前六卷,极大地改变了当时原有的数学学习和研究习惯。不止这些,他还与徐光启、李之藻共同翻译了《同文算指》、《测量法义》、《圜容较义》。利玛窦最为重要的成就,是制作了《坤舆万国全图》,此图是中国历史上的第一个世界地图。这个《坤舆万国全图》,它的前身,就是张老樵看过的,一个球一样的世界舆图。利玛窦的名声,也让他有了在北京建立教堂的资格。明万历三十三年,天主教耶稣会传教士利玛窦,在宣武门主持修建小经堂,又名南堂。南堂虽然规模不大,但至少表明,万历帝对利玛窦是支持的。万历帝支持利玛窦,是因为万历帝也笃信天主教吗?才不是。一个几十年都不上朝的皇帝,哪有什么闲心信天主教?万历帝之所以支持利玛窦建南堂,完全是因为利玛窦会做人。通俗点说,利玛窦会来事儿。明万历二十八年十二月二十四日,利玛窦为了能够得到万历帝的接见,更好地传播天主教,便以西洋陪臣的身份,请求觐见万历帝,并进献给了万历帝两件礼物,一大一小的自鸣钟。万历帝见到如此精巧的西洋玩意儿,心中甚是欢喜,爱不释手。他把这小的自鸣钟,放到了自己的寝宫,而大自鸣钟,由于体积太大,找不到一座合适的宫殿安放,故于第二年,万历下旨让工部按照利玛窦画的图样,为大自鸣钟专门建造了一座装饰精美的木阁楼。按照《利玛窦中国札记》所记,这座楼修建在第二道墙之外的一个很漂亮的花园里。紫禁城共有两座花园,一个是交泰殿后的御花园,一个是慈宁宫前的慈宁宫花园。慈宁宫花园肯定是不可能了,因为那是太后的花园,王公大臣不可能会到那里。所以,这大自鸣钟所在的位置,是交泰殿后的御花园。这自鸣钟,可以理解,就是现代钟表的前身,所以这利玛窦也就稀里糊涂地成了中国钟表的祖师爷。根据《云间杂识》记载,西僧利玛窦做自鸣钟,以钢为之,一日十二时凡十二次鸣,子时一声,丑时二声,至亥时则其声十二。这自鸣钟,乃是机械制造,内部极其复杂,通过发条和齿轮进行驱动。然而,万历帝:()山水行记

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