●Japan（第1页）

●Japan

■JapayandCulture

◆TheJapaneseand“Face”

◇Savingfaceisveryimportantiy。

◇TheJaparefusingsomeobringsembarrassmentandlossoffacetotheotherperson。

◇Iftherequestotbeaccepted，theywillsay，“it’si”or“it’sundersideration”。

◇Faceisasymbnityandmeanshavinghighstatuswithone’speers。

◇TheJapanesewillhiolossofface。Therefore，theydonotpubliclycriticize，offend，orputahe-spot。

◇Fabelost，takenaraiseandthanks。

◆Harmonyiy

◇Harmonyisthecorevalueiy。

◇HarmonyistheguidingpriheJapaneseinfamilyaingsandiyasawhole。

◇Japanesearetaughttobehaveharmoniouslyaivelywithothersfromthetimewheopre-school。

◇TheJapaioressestheinterdependenceofallpeople，andJapanesearenottaughttobeirathertether。

◇Theneedforharmoioweenpeopleisdisplayedinmuesebehavior。

&achgreatimportaeness，personalresponsibilityandwetherfortheuherthantheindividual。

&ratefactsthatmightbeuilea>

◇Theyviewwinharmoalfactproductively。

◆JapaneseNon-Verbaluni

◇SiheJapanesepursueharmroup-depeheydependonfacialexpression，toneofvoidposturetotellthemwhatsomeonefeels。

&enhavemorefaithinnon-verbalmessagesthanthespokenwordsaswordstainseveralmeanings。

◇Themeaningofthewordsisaffectedbythesituationinwhiethingissaid。Therefore，itisouhetexttofullyappreciatethereply。

◇Frowningwhilesomeoneisspeakingissideredasasignofdisagreement。

◇MostJapashowaion>

◇Watchoutfortheexpressiinthroughchedteeth，tiltigthebackofthehead，andsgtheeyebrow。

◇Non-verbaluniissoimportantthatthereisabaijins”（fners）onhowtoreadthesigns!

◇Itisregardedoffeareintoanotherperson’seyes，especiallythoseofapersonwhoisseniortoyoubecauseofageorstatus。

◇IionstheJapaneseavoideyetacttogivethemselvesprivacy。

◆JapaneseHierarchy

◇TheJapaneseareveryseageandstatus。

◇Everyonehasauioninthehierarchy，beitthefamilyuendedfamily，asocialorabusiion。

◇Atschoollearherstudehem（“senpai”）orjuniortothem（“kohai”）。

&personinagroupisaledhonored。Inasotext，theywillbeservedfirstandtheirdrinkswillbepouredforthem。